influxdb安装与基本操作（中篇）

原创于 2025-04-11 11:23:48 发布

· 417 阅读

5 ·

版权

文章标签：

#Linux命令大全 #时序数据库

influxdb 专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章

订阅专栏

获取token
方法一
可以通过命令行查看管理员token，admin's Token

influx auth list

配置influxdb2 (目录/etc/influxdb)
[root@ influxdb]# vi config.toml
bolt-path = "/var/lib/influxdb/influxd.bolt"
engine-path = "/var/lib/influxdb/engine"

#web管理界面，1.1版本以上默认关闭。需要的话，可以手动打开
enable=true

#web服务界面的端口
bind-address=":8086"

方法二
或者通过管理界面 influxdb2 安装完后可以通过web页面来管理数据库可以从管理页面来查看
http://localhost:8086

初始化连接配置管理

# 0.InfluxDB 服务端启动后需使用 Influx CLI 进行初始化.
# 依次输入：用户名、密码、组织名称、桶名称、数据保存时间（过期自动删除，0表示永久保存）。
$ influx setup --host http://localhost:8080
> Welcome to InfluxDB 2.0!
? Please type your primary username admin
? Please type your password *********
? Please type your password again *********
? Please type your primary organization name test
? Please type your primary bucket name db01
? Please type your retention period in hours, or 0 for infinite 0
? Setup with these parameters?
Username: admin
Organization: test
Bucket: db01
Retention Period: infinite
Yes
User Organization Bucket
admin test db01

# 1.避免不必要的错误以下influx命令均手动传递token, 执行过后所有需要该token的指令就不需要指定token.
$ influx config create --active -n default -t 1VreF2TZuek7V6hmnquF
$ influx config create -a -n prometheus-influxdb -t 1VreF2TZuek7V6hmnquF -o primary -u http://10.98.134.121:8086

# 2.显示创建的链接字符串、更新设置、以及删除指定名称的连接配置信息.
$ influx config ls
$ influx config set -a -n prometheus-influxdb -t <更改Token>
$ influx config rm

用户管理
# 1.创建用户user密码为WeiyiGeek
influx user create -n user -p WeiyiGeek -o primary -t <your-token>
# ID Name
# 097f22b577ee5000 user

# 2.查看用户
influx user list
# ID Name
# 097496fcb920e000 admin
# 097f22b577ee5000 user

# 3.更新用户
influx user update -i 097f22b577ee5000 -n weiyigeek -t <your-token>
# ID Name
# 097f22b577ee5000 weiyigeek

# 4.修改密码, 指令执行后CLI会引导密码修改
influx user password -n weiyigeek -t <your-token>
# ? Please type new password for "weiyigeek" *********
# ? Please type new password for "weiyigeek" again *********
# Successfully updated password for user "weiyigeek"

# 5.删除用户
influx user delete -i 097f22b577ee5000 -t <your-token>
# ID Name Deleted
# 097f22b577ee5000 user true

Auth Token票据管理
# 1.创建 primary org下的所有权限的Token票据
influx auth create -o primary --all-access

Organization 管理描述: 官方建议单个influxdb实例中建组不超过20个,超过该值将可能会对influxdb性能造成影响。
# 创建Organization
influx org create -n weiyigeek -d "This is demo org"
# ID Name
# a33966bd13905e7a weiyigeek

# 查看已存在的 org
influx org list
# ID Name
# a33966bd13905e7a weiyigeek
# cf9b383e6da9c4a8 primary

# 更新 org 名称
influx org update -i a33966bd13905e7a -n demo
# ID Name
# a33966bd13905e7a demo



# 删除指定 org
influx org delete -i a33966bd13905e7a
# ID Name Deleted
# a33966bd13905e7a demo true

bucket 管理描述: 在 bucket 内的数据是有保存期限 (retention-period-duration), 在其创建之初就会指定。
# 创建 bucket
# 在 demo 的 org 下创建一个 test-bucket 的 bucket。
influx bucket create -n test-bucket -o demo -r 72h5m -t <your-token>
ID Name Retention Shard group duration Organization ID Schema Type
b54d88b80225fc22 test-bucket 72h5m0s 24h0m0s 08472f250ef4212e implicit

# 更新 bucket (名称、数据保存时间)
influx bucket update -i b54d88b80225fc22 -n demo-bucket
influx bucket update -i b54d88b80225fc22 -r 64h0m0s
ID Name Retention Shard group duration Organization ID Schema Type
b54d88b80225fc22 demo-bucket 64h0m0s 24h0m0s 08472f250ef4212e implicit
# 查看 bucket (列出指定或者所有 buckets 信息)
influx bucket list -o primary
ID Name Retention Shard group duration Organization ID Schema Type
0db228578a8a7927 _monitoring 168h0m0s 24h0m0s cf9b383e6da9c4a8 implicit
9e2442e2d584ff53 _tasks 72h0m0s 24h0m0s cf9b383e6da9c4a8 implicit
e4fef2474b70834e primary infinite 168h0m0s cf9b383e6da9c4a8 implicit

influx bucket list -n demo-bucket -o demo
ID Name Retention Shard group duration Organization ID Schema Type
b54d88b80225fc22 demo-bucket 64h0m0s 24h0m0s 08472f250ef4212e implicit
# 删除 bucket (指定ID或者指定名称)
influx bucket delete -n demo-bucket -o demo
influx bucket delete -i b54d88b80225fc22
ID Name Retention Shard group duration Organization ID Schema Type Deleted
b54d88b80225fc22 demo-bucket 26h0m0s 24h0m0s 08472f250ef4212e implicit true

温馨提示: 指定数据保留时间单位如下所示:

# 数据保留时间单位在以下单位中取值:
#纳秒 (ns)
#微秒 (us or μs)
#毫秒 (ms)
#秒 (s)
#分 (m)
#时 (h)
#日 (d)
#周 (w)

measurement 管理
# 此处为了演示创建一个名为 demo org 下的 demo_user 用户。
influx user create -n demo_user -p WeiyiGeek -o demo
influx auth create -u demo_user -o demo --operator --description "demo_user 用户的认证Token"
# ID Description Token User Name User ID Permissions
# 097f2e5731ae5000 demo_user 用户的认证Token nxlkweOIxTOYQhNzI4QtuBHrKQtyOLFkA2KzJsBpO71hxZT7i6rmdyIgSuexuKbda1qL9x8vjJWUUH5rzBleKA==== demo_user 097f2d6f8bee5000 [read:/authorizations write:/authorizations read:/buckets write:/buckets read:/dashboards write:/dashboards read:/orgs write:/orgs read:/sources write:/sources read:/tasks write:/tasks read:/telegrafs write:/telegrafs read:/users write:/users read:/variables write:/variables read:/scrapers write:/scrapers read:/secrets write:/secrets read:/labels write:/labels read:/views write:/views read:/documents write:/documents read:/notificationRules write:/notificationRules read:/notificationEndpoints write:/notificationEndpoints read:/checks write:/checks read:/dbrp write:/dbrp read:/notebooks write:/notebooks read:/annotations write:/annotations read:/remotes write:/remotes read:/replications write:/replications]
influx bucket update -id 2d0184d3af5ec8b2 --retention 0 # 要在bucket上设置的新保留时间，或为0表示无限

# 创建名称为 student 的 measurement
# - dryrun 尝试写入,即写入到stdout而不是InfluxDB。
influx write dryrun -b demo-bucket -o demo 'student,std_name=weiyigeek id=10001,age=28,score=77'
# student,name=weiyigeek,addr="中国重庆" id=10001,age=20 1654848441
# - 写入到InfluxDB (由于我们全局adminToken也可以不指定 demo_user 用户的Token)，为了看到效果建议没执行1s在执行
# -p ns 指定数据插入的时间精度。
influx write -b demo-bucket -o demo 'student,std_name=weiyigeek id=10001,age=28,score=77' -p ns
influx write -b demo-bucket -o demo 'student,std_name=weiyigeek id=10001,age=29,score=88' -t 'nxlkweOIxTOYQhNzI4QtuBHrKQtyOLFkA2KzJsBpO71hxZT7i6rmdyIgSuexuKbda1qL9x8vjJWUUH5rzBleKA==' -p ns
influx write -b demo-bucket -o demo 'student,std_name=weiyigeek id=10001,age=30,score=99' -t 'nxlkweOIxTOYQhNzI4QtuBHrKQtyOLFkA2KzJsBpO71hxZT7i6rmdyIgSuexuKbda1qL9x8vjJWUUH5rzBleKA==' --compression gzip -p ns
# 查询 student 表中的数据，此处利用编写的Flux Script示例进行查询。
$ cat influx_query.sql 'from(bucket: "demo-bucket")
|> range(start: -1d, stop: "")
|> filter(fn: (r) => r["_measurement"] == "student")
|> filter(fn: (r) => r["_field"] == "score")
|> yield(name: "mean")'

$ influx query -o demo -r -f influx_query.sql
#group,false,false,true,true,false,false,true,true,true
#datatype,string,long,dateTime:RFC3339,dateTime:RFC3339,dateTime:RFC3339,double,string,string,string
#default,mean,,,,,,,,
,result,table,_start,_stop,_time,_value,_field,_measurement,std_name
,,0,2022-06-09T10:49:15.292083412Z,2022-06-10T10:49:15.292083412Z,2022-06-10T09:51:29.180459209Z,77,score,student,weiyigeek
,,0,2022-06-09T10:49:15.292083412Z,2022-06-10T10:49:15.292083412Z,2022-06-10T09:51:34.706980312Z,88,score,student,weiyigeek
,,0,2022-06-09T10:49:15.292083412Z,2022-06-10T10:49:15.292083412Z,2022-06-10T09:51:39.036913603Z,99,score,student,weiyigeek
# 删除 student 表中指定时间范围内的数据
influx delete -b demo-bucket -o demo -p std_name=weiyigeek --start '2022-06-05T08:26:39.455Z' --stop '2022-06-10T09:50:39.455Z'
WeiyiGeek.influx-cli命令行查询

温馨提示: 除了指定FS查询文件外, 可通过 influx query打开查询管道（pipe），然后输入Flux查询语句，然后按住ctrl+d进行执行查询。

温馨提示: InfluxDB2.x 提供了很多种方式执行Flux或者InfluxQL，例如，UI的

Data Explorer、Influx CLI、InfluxDB API和REPL。

数据备份与恢复描述: influxdb 使用 influx 命令进行数据和元数据的备份,非常注意 1.x 和 2.x备份数据不兼容。
# V2.x 的备份方法
influx backup ./back -t 58s6gl9hD8lk-AS_i6mUaYMMCGe6N1vIfVpJUo2xJ2HkWMlWx2yp7r7IKZsyF6h8vQdTPfIpGyHtbALayLgUQw==

# V2.x 的数据恢复
influx restore ./back --bucket demo-bucket
温馨提示: 如果恢复的 bucket 名称已经在现有数据库中存在则使用–new-bucket 为恢复的数据库指定一个新名称并将数据恢复到新名称的bucket中

以 API 请求操作 influxdb
描述: 官方文档参考 https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v2.2/reference/api/

Write API - 数据写入

将org,bucket 通过url传参形式添加到参数中

添加或修改Accept请求头为 appliction/json(实测该接口不反回数据，可选填)

添加或修改Content-Type请求头为 text/plain

将Line Protocol的数据添加到请求体中

curl --request POST
"http://10.98.134.121:8086/api/v2/write?org=demo&bucket=demo-bucket&precision=ns"
--header "Authorization: Token nxlkweOIxTOYQhNzI4QtuBHrKQtyOLFkA2KzJsBpO71hxZT7i6rmdyIgSuexuKbda1qL9x8vjJWUUH5rzBleKA=="
--header "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8"
--header "Accept: application/json"
--data-binary 'hobby,name=weiyigeek,city=ChongQing id=1002,love=computer'
Query API - 数据写入

将org或orgID通过url传参的形式添加到参数中
添加或修改Accept请求头为 appliction/csv (Postman中不需要添加)
添加或修改Content-Type请求头为 application/vnd.flux (可省略)
将查询语句放在请求体中
使用PostMan进行influxDB的API调用描述: 在使用Postman测试时我们需要先进行鉴权设置,在进入Postman Collections 或单个请求的 Authorization 功能选项。例如:

Type 选择API Key
Key 填入 Authorization
Value 填入 Token YOUR_TOKEN
Add to 选择Header
WeiyiGeek.Postman进行influxDB的API调用
0x0n 入坑出坑
InfluxDB 2.X
问题1.在执行influx write写入数据到infludb时报failure writing points to database: partial write: points beyond retention policy dropped=1错误。

错误信息:
influx write -b demo-bucket -o demo 'student,std_name=weiyi id=10001,age=29,score=100 1654850189241' -t 'nxlkweOIxTOYQhNzI4QtuBHrKQtyOLFkA2KzJsBpO71hxZT7i6rmdyIgSuexuKbda1qL9x8vjJWUUH5rzBleKA==' --precision ms ---http-debug
Error: failed to write data: 422 Unprocessable Entity: failure writing points to database: partial write: points beyond retention policy dropped=1
解决办法: 将 demo-bucket 桶的新保留时间设置为0.

$ influx bucket update -id 2d0184d3af5ec8b2 --retention 0
ID Name Retention Shard group duration Organization ID Schema Type
2d0184d3af5ec8b2 demo-bucket infinite 24h0m0s 08472f250ef4212e implicit
参考地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/268fca65f10e