JdbcTemplate

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已于 2023-07-14 09:51:13 修改

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文章标签： spring

于 2023-07-13 10:45:32 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/csdnidofkdy2138/article/details/131688749

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文章介绍了如何在Java项目中使用Spring对JDBC进行简单封装，包括引入相关依赖，创建数据源，使用JdbcTemplate执行SQL操作，如插入、删除、更新和查询。此外，还展示了如何通过Spring的XML配置管理JdbcTemplate，以及从外部properties文件加载数据库连接配置，最后提供了JdbcTemplate的增删改查API示例和主键返回的操作方法。

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Spring对jdbc原始API对象的简单封装

基本使用

pom文件引入mysql-connector-java、spring-jdbc、c3p0、junit、lombok依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMvcModule</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

数据库users表

main的jave的com.kdy.domain中User

@Data//包括get、set、equals、hashCode、canEqual、toString、无参构造，没有有参构造
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private Date birthday;
    private Integer infoId;
    private String englishTeacher;
}

test的java里com.kdu.test中JdbcTemplateTest

public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    @Test
    public void test1() throws PropertyVetoException, ParseException {
        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc");
        dataSource.setUser("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("root123");
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate();
        jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(dataSource);
        String dateStr ="2021-02-22" ;
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        Date birthday = sdf.parse(dateStr);
        int count = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into users(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher) values (?,?,?,?,?,?)",
                "tom666","hello666","email666",birthday, 6,"eng666");
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

运行上面test1方法即可。

Spring接管JdbcTemplate对象

xml文件配置的方式

pom文件引入spring-context依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

resource下new->XML configuration file->spring config，名applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jdbc"></property>
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root123"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--JdbcTemplate-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

test的java里com.kdu.test中JdbcTemplateTest

public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    @Test
    public void test1() throws PropertyVetoException, ParseException {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = app.getBean(JdbcTemplate.class);//根据类型获取spring容器中的bean
        String dateStr ="2021-02-22" ;
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        Date birthday = sdf.parse(dateStr);
        int count = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into users(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher) values (?,?,?,?,?,?)",
                "tom666","hello666","email666",birthday, 6,"eng666");
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

applicationContext.xml中数据源抽取jdbc.properties文件

resource下创建jdbc.peroperties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root123

resource目录下的applicationContext.xml引入jdbc.properties文件，并el表达式引入配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation=
               "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/><!--引入配置文件，使用el获取-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--JdbcTemplate-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

运行测试文件的test1方法即可

public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    @Test
    public void test1() throws PropertyVetoException, ParseException {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = app.getBean(JdbcTemplate.class);//根据类型获取spring容器中的bean
        String dateStr ="2021-02-22" ;
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        Date birthday = sdf.parse(dateStr);
        int count = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into users(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher) values (?,?,?,?,?,?)",
                "tom666","hello666","email666",birthday, 6,"eng666");
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

测试文件使用Spring集成junit的spring-test

pom文件除了junit外还要引入spring-test依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

test的java里com.kdu.test中JdbcTemplateTest

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    @Autowired//先根据类型后根据名称注入
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;//根据类型注入spring容器的某个bean
    @Test
    public void test1() throws PropertyVetoException, ParseException {
        String dateStr ="2021-02-22" ;
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        Date birthday = sdf.parse(dateStr);
        int count = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into users(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher) values (?,?,?,?,?,?)",
                "tom666","hello666","email666",birthday, 6,"eng666");
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

jdbcTemplate的增删改查的api

test的java里com.kdu.test中JdbcTemplateTest

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    @Autowired//先根据类型后根据名称注入
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;//根据类型注入spring容器的某个bean

    @Test
    public void testAdd() throws ParseException {
        String dateStr ="2021-02-22" ;
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        Date birthday = sdf.parse(dateStr);
        int count = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into users(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher) values (?,?,?,?,?,?)",
                "tom666","hello666","email666",birthday, 6,"eng666");
        System.out.println("add"+count);
    }
    @Test
    public void testDelete(){
        int count = jdbcTemplate.update("delete from users where id = ?",41);
        System.out.println("delete"+count);
    }
    @Test
    public void testUpdate(){
        int count = jdbcTemplate.update("update users set email = ? where id = ?" ,"emailUpdate666",42);
        System.out.println("update"+count);
    }
    /*查询所有*/
    @Test
    public void testQueryAll(){
        List<User> userList = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from users", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class));
        System.out.println(userList);
    }
    /*查询一个*/
    @Test
    public void testQueryOne(){
        User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from users where id = ?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),10);
        System.out.println(user);
    }
    /*查询聚合函数结果*/
    @Test
    public void testQueryCount(){
        Long count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from users", Long.class);
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

jdbcTemplate的新增操作的主键返回

    /*
     * 主键返回
    * */
    @Override
    public Long save(User user) {
        //想要新增操作返回主键，不能使用下面这个新增操作的api
        //jdbcTemplate.update("insert into sys_user(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher) values(?,?,?,?,?,?)", user.getName(), user.getPassword(), user.getEmail(), user.getBirthday(), user.getInfoId(), user.getEnglishTeacher());、
        String sql = "insert into sys_user(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher) values(?,?,?,?,?,?)";
        KeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
        jdbcTemplate.update(new PreparedStatementCreator() {
            public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
                PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                ps.setString(1, user.getName());
                ps.setString(2, user.getPassword());
                ps.setString(3, user.getEmail());
                ps.setDate(4, new java.sql.Date(user.getBirthday().getTime()));
                ps.setInt(5, user.getInfoId());
                ps.setString(6, user.getEnglishTeacher());
                return ps;
            }
        }, keyHolder);
        Long generatedId = keyHolder.getKey().longValue();
        return generatedId;
    }