java字符串gb18030编码和utf8编码互转

在做接口联调的时候出现访问对方的时候需要把编码转成gb18030格式的，我这边默认是utf8，这个困扰了很长时间，在网上百度发现大部分字符串转编码都是使用string.getByte("编码格式")的方式字节转码，可事实上这样是行不通的。原因有点难说，这里我就说一下可行的方案。

@Test
	public void toObject() throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
		System.out.println("2".equals(null));
		String str = "ab丁亦凝";//编译环境默认是utf8格式
		byte[] bytes = str.getBytes(Charset.forName("GB18030"));//这一步就是转成gb18030格式的字节码
        for (byte b : bytes)  
        {  
            System.out.print(b + " ");  
        }  
        //字节码转成gb18030的字符串
        String str4 = new String(bytes, "GB18030");
        System.out.println(str4);
        System.out.println();  
         
        //再转回utf8
        byte[] bytes4 = str4.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));  
        for (byte b : bytes4)  
        {  
            System.out.print(b + " ");  
        }  
        System.out.println();  
        String str44 = new String(bytes4, "UTF-8");  
        System.out.println("---"+str44);//abc你好  
	}

下面再介绍几种其他格式的，其实方式都一样：

@Test
	public void aaa(){
		
		  System.out.println("default charset : "+Charset.defaultCharset());  
	        String str = "abc你好";//string with UTF-8 charset  
	  
	        byte[] bytes = str.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));//convert to byte array with UTF-8 encode  
	        for (byte b : bytes)  
	        {  
	            System.out.print(b + " ");  
	        }  
	        System.out.println();  
	        try  
	        {  
	            String str1 = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");//to UTF-8 string  
	            String str2 = new String(bytes, "ISO-8859-1");//to ISO-8859-1 string  
	            String str3 = new String(bytes, "GBK");//to GBK string  
	            String str4 = new String(bytes, "GB18030");
	            System.out.println(str1);//abc你好  
	            System.out.println(str2);//abc??????  
	            System.out.println(str3);//abc浣犲ソ  
	            System.out.println(str4);
	            System.out.println();  
	            byte[] bytes2 = str2.getBytes(Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1"));  
	            for (byte b : bytes2)  
	            {  
	                System.out.print(b + " ");  
	            }  
	            System.out.println();  
	            String str22 = new String(bytes2, "UTF-8");  
	            System.out.println(str22);//abc你好  
	              
	            System.out.println();  
	            byte[] bytes3 = str3.getBytes(Charset.forName("GBK"));  
	            for (byte b : bytes3)  
	            {  
	                System.out.print(b + " ");  
	            }  
	            System.out.println();  
	            String str33 = new String(bytes3, "UTF-8");  
	            
	            byte[] bytes4 = str4.getBytes(Charset.forName("GB18030"));  
	            for (byte b : bytes4)  
	            {  
	                System.out.print(b + " ");  
	            }  
	            System.out.println();  
	            String str44 = new String(bytes4, "UTF-8");  
	            System.out.println("---"+str44);//abc你好  
	        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)  
	        {  
	            e.printStackTrace();  
	        }  
	}

最后在联调接口通讯中，注意两点：

1，在最终传输的字节数组中修改编码，

2，对方返回的信息，要先使用对方编码转成字符串，再转成自己需要的编码

在下面的例子中有讲解：

private String sendReq(Object req) throws Exception {
        String reqXml =  XStreamHandler.toXml(req);
        //加入报文头
        reqXml=HEADER+reqXml;
        //计算报文长度
		int len=reqXml.getBytes().length;
		String bodyStr = String.format("%04d", len);
		//加入报文长度
		reqXml=bodyStr+reqXml;
		//utf8转gb18030  下面两行就是多余的，因为不是最终修改编码的位置
		byte[] bytes = reqXml.getBytes(Charset.forName("GB18030"));
		reqXml = new String(bytes, "GB18030");
		logger.info("组装好的最终报文是："+reqXml);
		YakMessage msg = new YakMessage();
		ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(reqXml.getBytes().length);
		buffer.put(reqXml.getBytes(Charset.forName("GB18030"))); //这里才是有用的，因为参数传递最终还是在io流中以字节格式传输的
		//设置YakMessage
		msg.setRawMessage(buffer.array());
		buffer.clear();
		//发送请求
		YakMessage response = FBHYShortTermSocketClient.write(msg);
		String respXml = new String(response.getRawMessage(),Charset.forName("GB18030"));//这里对面返回的文字编码是GB18030，
		//gb18030转utf8
		byte[] bytes2 = respXml.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));  
	    respXml = new String(bytes2, "UTF-8");
		return respXml;
	}