验证码操作在开发中是经常会使用到的,这里我为大家提供三种生成验证码方式,分别是:(1)jsp页面中直接生成验证码、(2)使用Servlet生成验证码、(3)、在struts2中实现验证码操作。下面就来看一下它们都是怎样实现的,这里提供完整的代码,并有详细的注释说明。
(1)、在jsp页面中直接生成验证码
//image.jsp
<%@ page contentType="image/jpeg"
import="java.awt.*,java.awt.image.*,java.util.*,javax.imageio.*"
pageEncoding="GBK"%>
<%!Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {//给定范围获得随机颜色
Random random = new Random();
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}%>
<%
//设置页面不缓存
response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
// 在内存中创建图象
// 通过这里可以修改图片大小
int width = 85, height = 23;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 获取图形上下文
// g相当于笔
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
//生成随机类
Random random = new Random();
// 设定背景色
g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
// 画一个实心的长方,作为北京
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
//设定字体
g.setFont(new Font("黑体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
//画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
// 随机产生155条干扰线,使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
g.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
for (int i = 0; i < 155; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(width);
int y = random.nextInt(height);
int xl = random.nextInt(12);
int yl = random.nextInt(12);
g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
}
// 取随机产生的认证码(4位数字)
//String rand = request.getParameter("rand");
//rand = rand.substring(0,rand.indexOf("."));
String sRand = "";
// 如果要使用中文,必须定义字库,可以使用数组进行定义
// 这里直接写中文会出乱码,必须将中文转换为unicode编码
String[] str = { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "J", "K",
"L", "M", "N", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X",
"Y", "Z", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j",
"k", "m", "n", "p", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z",
"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" };
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
String rand = str[random.nextInt(str.length)];
sRand += rand;
// 将认证码显示到图象中
g.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random
.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));//调用函数出来的颜色相同,可能是因为种子太接近,所以只能直接生成
g.drawString(rand, 16 * i + 6, 19);
}
// 将认证码存入SESSION
session.setAttribute("rand", sRand);
// 图象生效
g.dispose();
// 输出图象到页面
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
out.clear();
out = pageContext.pushBody();
%>
//使用验证码的页面login.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="GBK"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>登陆页面</title>
<script>
function reloadImage() {
document.getElementById('identity').src = 'image.jsp?ts=' + new Date()
.getTime();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<%
// 乱码解决
request.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
%>
<h1>
登陆程序
</h1>
<hr>
<%=request.getAttribute("info") != null ? request
.getAttribute("info") : ""%>
<form action="check.jsp" method="post">
用户ID:
<input type="text" name="mid">
<br>
密 码:
<input type="password" name="password">
<br>
验证码:
<input type="text" name="code" maxlength="5" size="5">
<img src="image.jsp" id="identity" οnclick="reloadImage()" title="看不清,点击换一张">
<br>
<input type="submit" value="登陆">
<input type="reset" value="重置">
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>
效果如下:
(2)、使用Servlet生成验证码
//IdentityServlet.java代码如下:
package com.helloweenvsfei.servlet;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder;
public class IdentityServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -479885884254942306L;
public static final char[] CHARS = { '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
'9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M',
'N', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z' };
public static Random random = new Random();
public static String getRandomString() {
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
buffer.append(CHARS[random.nextInt(CHARS.length)]);
}
return buffer.toString();
}
public static Color getRandomColor() {
return new Color(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random
.nextInt(255));
}
public static Color getReverseColor(Color c) {
return new Color(255 - c.getRed(), 255 - c.getGreen(), 255 - c
.getBlue());
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
String randomString = getRandomString();
request.getSession(true).setAttribute("randomString", randomString);
int width = 100;
int height = 30;
Color color = getRandomColor();
Color reverse = getReverseColor(color);
BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();
g.setFont(new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.BOLD, 16));
g.setColor(color);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
g.setColor(reverse);
g.drawString(randomString, 18, 20);
for (int i = 0, n = random.nextInt(100); i < n; i++) {
g.drawRect(random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height), 1, 1);
}
// 转成JPEG格式
ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);
encoder.encode(bi);
out.flush();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(getRandomString());
}
}
//Web.xml的配置为:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>IdentityServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.helloweenvsfei.servlet.IdentityServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>IdentityServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/IdentityServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
//测试页面identity.html为:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>identity.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
</head>
<body>
<script>
function reloadImage() {
document.getElementById('btn').disabled = true;
document.getElementById('identity').src='servlet/IdentityServlet?ts=' + new Date().getTime();
}
</script>
<img src="servlet/IdentityServlet" id="identity" οnlοad="btn.disabled = false; " />
<input type=button value=" 换个图片 " οnclick="reloadImage()" id="btn">
</body>
</html>
(3)、在Struts2应用中生成验证码
//RandomNumUtil.java
package org.ml.util;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;
public class RandomNumUtil {
public static final char[] CHARS = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M',
'N', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z','2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
'9','a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'm',
'n', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'};
private ByteArrayInputStream image;// 图像
private String str;// 验证码
/**
* 构造方法调用初始化属性方法
*/
private RandomNumUtil() {
init();
}
/**
* 取得RandomNumUtil实例
*/
public static RandomNumUtil Instance() {
return new RandomNumUtil();
}
/**
* 取得验证码图片
*/
public ByteArrayInputStream getImage() {
return this.image;
}
/**
* 取得图片的验证码
*/
public String getString() {
return this.str;
}
/**
* 初始化属性否具体方法
*/
private void init() {
// 在内存中创建图象
int width = 85, height = 18;
//设置图形的高度和宽度,以及RGB类型
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 获取图形上下文
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// 生成随机类
Random random = new Random();
// 设定背景色
g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
// 设定字体
g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN, 18));
// 随机产生255条干扰线,使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
g.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
for (int i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(width);
int y = random.nextInt(height);
int xl = random.nextInt(12);
int yl = random.nextInt(12);
g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
}
// 取随机产生的认证码(6位数字)
StringBuffer sRand = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
String rand = String.valueOf(CHARS[random.nextInt(CHARS.length-1)]);//从字符数组中随机产生一个字符
sRand.append(rand);
// 将认证码显示到图象中
g.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
// 调用函数出来的颜色相同,可能是因为种子太接近,所以只能直接生成
g.drawString(rand, 13 * i + 6, 17);
}
// 赋值验证码
this.str = sRand.toString();
// 图象生效
g.dispose();
//下面将生成的图形转变为图片
ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ByteArrayInputStream input = null;
try {
ImageOutputStream imageOut = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(output);
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", imageOut);//将图像按JPEG格式写入到imageOut中,即存入到output的字节流中
imageOut.close();//关闭写入流
input = new ByteArrayInputStream(output.toByteArray());//input读取output中的图像信息
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("验证码图片产生出现错误:" + e.toString());
}
this.image = input;/* 赋值图像 */
}
/*
* 给定范围获得随机颜色
*/
private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
Random random = new Random();
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
}
//RandomAction.java的代码:
package org.ml.action;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import org.ml.util.RandomNumUtil;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class RandomAction extends ActionSupport {
private ByteArrayInputStream inputStream;
public String execute() throws Exception {
RandomNumUtil rdnu = RandomNumUtil.Instance();//取得随机验证码产生类的对象
this.setInputStream(rdnu.getImage());// 取得带有随机字符串的图片
ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("random", rdnu.getString());// 取得随机字符串放入HttpSession
return SUCCESS;
}
public void setInputStream(ByteArrayInputStream inputStream) {
this.inputStream = inputStream;
}
public ByteArrayInputStream getInputStream() {
return inputStream;
}
}
//struts.xml配置为:
<!-- Random验证码 -->
<action name="rand" class="org.ml.action.RandomAction">
<result type="stream" name="success">
<param name="contentType">image/JPEG</param>
<param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
</result>
</action>
//HTML中的表单代码为:
<tr height="35" >
<td width="14%" class="top_hui_text">
<span class="login_txt"> 验证码: </span>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="top_hui_text">
<input type="text" name="rand" id="rand" size="6"
maxlength="6">
<script type="text/javascript">
function changeValidateCode(obj) {
//获取当前的时间作为参数,无具体意义
var timenow = new Date().getTime();
//每次请求需要一个不同的参数,否则可能会返回同样的验证码
//这和浏览器的缓存机制有关系,也可以把页面设置为不缓存,这样就不用这个参数了。
obj.src="rand.action?d="+timenow;
}
</script>
<img src="rand.action" title="点击图片刷新验证码"
οnclick="changeValidateCode(this)" height="22"
width="80" />
</td>
</tr>
以上使用了三种方式进行验证码的生成,如果需要的话,可以仿照这个来进行开发。