python flask SQLAlchemy 的用法

为了方便，可选择python云平台测试，本例（十分推荐）使用的是pythonanywhere.


1. 初始化

db = SQLAlchemy()
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+mysqlconnector://{username}:{password}@{hostname}/{databasename}".format(
        username="username",
        password="password",
        hostname="hostURL",
        databasename="db_name",
    )
    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_POOL_RECYCLE"] = 299

2. model

from app import db, login_manager

class Employee(UserMixin, db.Model):
    """
    Create an Employee table
    """


    # Ensures table will be named in plural and not in singular
    # as is the name of the model
    __tablename__ = 'employees'


    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(60), index=True, unique=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(60), index=True, unique=True)
    first_name = db.Column(db.String(60), index=True)
    last_name = db.Column(db.String(60), index=True)
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
    department_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('departments.id'))
    role_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
    is_admin = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False)


    @property
    def password(self):
        """
        Prevent pasword from being accessed
        """
        raise AttributeError('password is not a readable attribute.')


    @password.setter
    def password(self, password):
        """
        Set password to a hashed password
        """
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)


    def verify_password(self, password):
        """
        Check if hashed password matches actual password
        """
        return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)


    def __repr__(self):
        return '<Employee: {}>'.format(self.username)

3. 创建mysql数据库

4. 打开console执行:

flask db migrate
flask db upgrade

注意，如果使用的是python2.7，可能会遇到错误  'module mysql not found.' 


解决方案：
1. 运行

 pip search mysql-connector | grep --color mysql-connector-python 

搜索出可用的mysql connector包


2. 安装

pip install mysql-connector-python-rf