Oracle ----加密解密

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 06:49:34 发布

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Oracle ----加密解密

为了保护敏感数据,oracle从8i开始提供一个数据加密包:dbms_obfuscation_toolkit.利用这个包,我们可以对数据进行DES,Triple DES或者MD5加密. 本文就此讲解如何使用以及使用过程需要注意的问题.

1. dbms_obfuscation_toolkit简介
dbms_obfuscation_toolkit主要有一下几个存储过程:-

DESGETKEY -- 产生密钥,用于DES算法
DES3GETKEY -- 产生密钥,用于Triple DES算法
DESENCRYPT -- 用DES算法加密数据
DESDECRYPT -- 用DES算法解密数据
DES3ENCRYPT -- 用Triple DES算法加密数据
DES3DECRYPT -- 用DES算法解密数据
MD5 -- 用MD5算法加密数据

2. 准备数据表

在开始前，我们先创建表users:

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 15:58:26 at ORCL>create table users(

2 userid varchar2(50) primary key,

3 password varchar2(64),

4 encrypted varchar2(64)

5 );

已建立表格.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:00:20 at ORCL>insert into users values('user1','user1234',null)；

已建立 1 個資料列.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:00:25 at ORCL>insert into users values('user2','abcd1234',null);

已建立 1 個資料列.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:00:42 at ORCL>insert into users values('user3','oracle12',null)

已建立 1 個資料列.

commit；

3. 创建包PG_ENCRYPT_DECRYPT

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:01:43 at ORCL>create or replace package pg_encrypt_decrypt is

2 ikey varchar2(8):='oracle9i';

3 function gen_raw_key(ikey in varchar2) return raw;

4 function decrypt_3key_mode(ivalue in raw,imode in pls_integer) return varchar2;

5 function encrypt_3key_mode(ivalue in varchar2,imode in pls_integer) return raw;

6 end;

7 /

已建立套裝程式.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:29:39 at ORCL>create or replace package body pg_encrypt_decrypt

2 function gen_raw_key(ikey in varchar2) return raw as

3 rawkey raw(240):='';

4 begin

5 for i in 1..length(ikey) loop

6 rawkey:=rawkey||hextoraw(to_char(ascii(substr(ikey,i,1))));

7 end loop;

8 return rawkey;

9 end;

11 function decrypt_3key_mode(ivalue in raw,imode in pls_integer) return varchar2 as

12 vdecrypted varchar2(4000);

13 rawkey raw(240):='';

14 begin

15 rawkey:=gen_raw_key(ikey);

16 vdecrypted:=dbms_obfuscation_toolkit.des3decrypt(

17 utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(ivalue),key_string=>rawkey,which=>imode);

18 return vdecrypted;

19 end;

21 function encrypt_3key_mode(ivalue in varchar2,imode in pls_integer) return raw

22 is

23 vencrypted varchar2(4000);

24 vencryptedraw raw(2048);

25 rawkey raw(240):='';

26 begin

27 rawkey:=gen_raw_key(ikey);

28 vencrypted:=dbms_obfuscation_toolkit.des3encrypt(ivalue,key_string=>rawkey,which=>imode)

;

29 vencryptedraw:=utl_raw.cast_to_raw(vencrypted);

30 return vencryptedraw;

31 end;

32 end;

34 /

已建立套裝程式主體.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:29:39 at ORCL>create or replace package body pg_encrypt_decrypt

2 function gen_raw_key(ikey in varchar2) return raw as

3 rawkey raw(240):='';

4 begin

5 for i in 1..length(ikey) loop

6 rawkey:=rawkey||hextoraw(to_char(ascii(substr(ikey,i,1))));

7 end loop;

8 return rawkey;

9 end;

11 function decrypt_3key_mode(ivalue in raw,imode in pls_integer) return varchar2 as

12 vdecrypted varchar2(4000);

13 rawkey raw(240):='';

14 begin

15 rawkey:=gen_raw_key(ikey);

16 vdecrypted:=dbms_obfuscation_toolkit.des3decrypt(

17 utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(ivalue),key_string=>rawkey,which=>imode);

18 return vdecrypted;

19 end;

21 function encrypt_3key_mode(ivalue in varchar2,imode in pls_integer) return raw

22 is

23 vencrypted varchar2(4000);

24 vencryptedraw raw(2048);

25 rawkey raw(240):='';

26 begin

27 rawkey:=gen_raw_key(ikey);

28 vencrypted:=dbms_obfuscation_toolkit.des3encrypt(ivalue,key_string=>rawkey,which=>imode)

;

29 vencryptedraw:=utl_raw.cast_to_raw(vencrypted);

30 return vencryptedraw;

31 end;

32 end;

34 /

已建立套裝程式主體.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:29:57 at ORCL>update users set encrypted=pg_encrypt_decrypt.enc

rypt_3key_mode(password,1);

已更新 3 個資料列.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:32:37 at ORCL>commit;

確認完成.

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:34:35 at ORCL>column encrypted format a20

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:34:41 at ORCL>/

USERID PASSWORD ENCRYPTED

---------- ---------- --------------------

user1 user1234 69EF3A211A0F2C32

user2 abcd1234 CF7562203F6CEDE5

user3 oracle12 65D71D7148FA001D

SYS AS SYSDBA on 2008-03-05 16:34:42 at ORCL>select userid,password,pg_encrypt_decrypt.decrypt_3key_mode(encrypted,1) decrypted from users;

USERID PASSWORD

---------- ----------

DECRYPTED

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

user1 user1234

user1234

user2 abcd1234

abcd1234

user3 oracle12

oracle12

6. 密钥的保存

不管我们用什么样的加密算法,有一点非常重要的是: 密钥的保存.
密钥就是一把钥匙,因为加密算法是公开的,所以你无论如何加密,
只要我知道你的密钥,我就可以解密,那么你的加密就没有效果.
在本文中, 我们的密钥是这样定义的:-

iKey varchar2(8):='oracle9i';

oracle9i就是我们的密钥.
所以,如果只是简单地把以上程序在oracle上运行一下就使用,那么任何有权限登陆
的人看到这个程序,就可以知道密钥. 所以简单的做法是利用Oracle提供的WRAP
把整个程序加密,用加密后的文本创建程序. 这样别人就看不到你的源代码了.
把程序保存为source.sql,在Dos命令下输入:-