静默创建oracle数据库及克隆数据库

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-05 11:10:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-04-05 11:10:51 发布

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在没有图形界面的情况下，可以使用dbca命令进行静默安装数据库。

静默安装的的速度是比图形界面安装的速度快的。

使用oracle软件自带的响应文件建库

需要响应的文件

可以使用oracle磁盘响应文件夹中的dbca.rsp

[oracle@dongyang database]$ ls

doc install response runInstaller stage welcome.html

[oracle@dongyang database]$ cd response/

[oracle@dongyang response]$ ls

custom.rsp dbca.rsp emca.rsp enterprise.rsp netca.rsp standard.rsp

[oracle@dongyang response]$

查看dbca命令如何使用

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ dbca -help |more

dbca [-silent | -progressOnly | -customCreate] { } | { [

nd> [options] ] -responseFile } [-continueOnNonFatalErrors

| false>]

Please refer to the manual for details.

You can enter one of the following command:

Create a database by specifying the following parameters:

-createDatabase 创建数据库（步骤写的很清楚，根据提示写命令）

配置主要的几个参数，其余的可以在建完之后修改

-templateName

[-cloneTemplate] --选择模板（默认为通用模板）

-gdbName --数据库的名字

[-sid ] --实例名

[-sysPassword ] --创建SYS用户密码(使用响应文件安装数据库必须指定密码)

[-systemPassword ] –创建SYSTEM用户密码

--配置EM --参数选择配置的方式

-dbsnmpPassword --创建dbsnmp密码

-sysmanPassword --创建sysman密码

以上参数基本可以建库了，在加上响应文件就可以了。

[-hostUserName -hostUserPassword

-backupSchedule

m>]

[-smtpServer

ations>

-emailAddress ]

[-centralAgent ]]

[-datafileDestination <destination directory for all database files

> | -datafileNames

tablespaces, redo log files and spfile to their corresponding raw device file names

mappings in name=value format.>]

这个参数指定数据文件、日志文件、控制文件存放路径，默认为$ORACLE_BASE/oradata

设置了变量就不需要写

[-recoveryAreaDestination

iles>]

[-datafileJarLocation

r clone database creation>]

[-storageType < FS | ASM | RAW>

[-asmSysPassword ]

[-diskString ]

[-diskList

tabase area disk group>

-diskGroupName

-redundancy ]

[-recoveryDiskList

r the recovery area disk group>

-recoveryGroupName

-recoveryGroupRedundancy ]]

[-characterSet ]

-指定字符集

[-nationalCharacterSet ]

--指定国家字符集

[-registerWithDirService

-dirServiceUserName

-dirServicePassword

-walletPassword ]

[-listeners ]

[-variablesFile

les in the template>]]

[-variables ]

[-initParams ]

[-memoryPercentage ]

[-databaseType ]]

Configure a database by specifying the following parameters:

-configureDatabase

-sourceDB

[-sysDBAUserName

-sysDBAPassword ]

[-registerWithDirService|-unregisterWithDirService|-regenerateDBPas

sword

-dirServiceUserName

-dirServicePassword

-walletPassword ]

[-emConfiguration

-dbsnmpPassword

-symanPassword

[-hostUserName

-hostUserPassword

-backupSchedule

m>]

[-smtpServer

ations>

-emailAddress ]

[-centralAgent ]]

Create a template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:

-createTemplateFromDB

-sourceDB ::>

-templateName

-sysDBAUserName

-sysDBAPassword

[-maintainFileLocations ]

Create a clone template from an existing database by specifying the following param

eters:

-createCloneTemplate

-sourceSID

-templateName

[-sysDBAUserName

-sysDBAPassword ]

[-maintainFileLocations ]

[-datafileJarLocation

compressed format>]

Generate scripts to create database by specifying the following parameters:

-generateScripts

-templateName

-gdbName

[-scriptDest ]

Delete a database by specifying the following parameters:

-deleteDatabase

-sourceDB

[-sysDBAUserName

-sysDBAPassword ]

Configure ASM DiskGroups by specifying the following parameters:

-configureASM

[-asmSysPassword ]

[-diskString ]

[-diskList

a disk group>

-diskGroupName

-redundancy ]]

[-recoveryDiskList

tabase area disk group>

-recoveryGroupName

--More--

根据帮助写出建库命令

[oracle@dongyang response]$ dbca -silent -cloneTemplate -gdbName orcl -sid orcl -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle -emConfiguration LOCAL -dbsnmpPassword oracle -sysmanPassword oracle characterSet AL32UTF8 -nationaICharaterSet AL16UTF16 -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

等待完成。

登录到数据库进行相关设置

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

查询数据库当前可以的登录的账号

SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where account_status='OPEN';

USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS

------------------------------ --------------------------------

SYSTEM OPEN

SYS OPEN

MGMT_VIEW OPEN

SYSMAN OPEN

DBSNMP OPEN

SQL>

修改可以登录的账号密码

使用SQL生成一个修改用户密码的脚本

SQL> select 'alter user '||username||' identified by oracle111;' from dba_users

2 where account_status='OPEN';

'ALTERUSER'||USERNAME||'IDENTIFIEDBYORACLE111;'

------------------------------------------------------------------

alter user SYSTEM identified by oracle111;

alter user SYS identified by oracle111;

alter user MGMT_VIEW identified by oracle111;

alter user SYSMAN identified by oracle111;

alter user DBSNMP identified by oracle111;

将结果保存到/u01/app/oracle/pass.sql

开启spool创建一个文件

SQL> spool /u01/app/oracle/pass.sql

执行的结果都会保留在文件中

SQL> /

'ALTERUSER'||USERNAME||'IDENTIFIEDBYORACLE111;'

------------------------------------------------------------------

alter user SYSTEM identified by oracle111;

alter user SYS identified by oracle111;

alter user MGMT_VIEW identified by oracle111;

alter user SYSMAN identified by oracle111;

alter user DBSNMP identified by oracle111;

关闭spool

SQL> spool off

使用OS命令只保留/u01/app/oracle/pass.sql文件中以alter开头的所有行、

SQL> ho sed -n '/^alter/p' /u01/app/oracle/pass.sql -i

查看/u01/app/oracle/pass.sql文件内容

SQL> ho cat /u01/app/oracle/pass.sql

alter user SYSTEM identified by oracle111;

alter user SYS identified by oracle111;

alter user MGMT_VIEW identified by oracle111;

alter user SYSMAN identified by oracle111;

alter user DBSNMP identified by oracle111;

执行脚本修改密码

SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/pass.sql

User altered.

SQL>

使用OS的模板建库

查看OS自带模板

[oracle@dongyang templates]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/templates

[oracle@dongyang templates]$ ls

Data_Warehouse.dbc New_Database.dbt Seed_Database.dfb example.dmp

General_Purpose.dbc Seed_Database.ctl Transaction_Processing.dbc example01.dfb

[oracle@dongyang templates]$

使用通用模板静默建库

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName orcl1 sid orcl1 -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle -responseFile NO_VALUE characterSet AL32UTF8 -nationaICharaterSet AL16UTF16 –emConfiguration LOCAL -dbsnmpPassword oracle -sysmanPassword oracle

-responseFile NO_VALUE --不使用响应文件

也可以自己手工定义一个模板来建库

确认要克隆的库

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora_

oracle 4063 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:12 ora_pmon_fengzi

oracle 4065 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:06 ora_psp0_fengzi

oracle 4067 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:06 ora_mman_fengzi

oracle 4069 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:10 ora_dbw0_fengzi

oracle 4071 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:09 ora_lgwr_fengzi

oracle 4073 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:20 ora_ckpt_fengzi

oracle 4075 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:02 ora_smon_fengzi

oracle 4077 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_fengzi

oracle 4079 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:15 ora_cjq0_fengzi

oracle 4081 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:11 ora_mmon_fengzi

oracle 4083 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:12 ora_mmnl_fengzi

oracle 4085 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_fengzi

oracle 4087 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_fengzi

oracle 4090 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:05 ora_asmb_fengzi

oracle 4094 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:06 ora_rbal_fengzi

oracle 4097 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_o000_fengzi

oracle 4101 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:06 ora_rvwr_fengzi

oracle 4107 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:00 ora_arc0_fengzi

oracle 4111 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:01 ora_arc1_fengzi

oracle 4115 1 0 09:04 ? 00:00:01 ora_qmnc_fengzi

oracle 4127 1 0 09:05 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_fengzi

oracle 4129 1 0 09:05 ? 00:00:01 ora_q001_fengzi

oracle 5468 4016 0 11:44 pts/2 00:00:00 grep ora_

[oracle@dongyang ~]$

克隆SID为fengzi的数据库

注意：

要克隆的数据库必须可以正常的打开与关闭。否则克隆模板不能正常使用。

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ dbca -help

Create a clone template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:

-createCloneTemplate --创建克隆模板

-sourceSID --指定SID

-templateName --新的模板名字

[-sysDBAUserName

-sysDBAPassword ]

[-maintainFileLocations ]

[-datafileJarLocation ]

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ dbca -silent -createCloneTemplate -sourceSID fengzi -templateName clonefengzi

模板默认地址

[oracle@dongyang ~]$ ls $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates

Data_Warehouse.dbc New_Database.dbt Seed_Database.dfb example.dmp

General_Purpose.dbc Seed_Database.ctl Transaction_Processing.dbc example01.dfb

Clonefengzi.dbc Clonefengzi.dfb Clonefengzi.ctl

[oracle@dongyang ~]$

.ctl后缀文件 --是控制文件的备份

.dbc后缀文件 -- 这个就是克隆的模板

.dfb后缀文件 --RMAN进行的备份集，其中包括库中所有数据文件

使用自定义模板方式建库

使用这个模板，数据库其中的内容跟SID为fengzi的数据库中的内容是一样的。（也就是克隆技术）

[oracle@dongyang ~]$dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/clonefengzi.dbc -gdbName orcl2 -sid orcl2 -datafileDestination $ORACLE_BASE/oradata -responseFile NO_VALUE characterSet AL32UTF8 -nationaICharaterSet AL16UTF16 –emConfiguration LOCAL -dbsnmpPassword oracle -sysmanPassword oracle