12c中CDB和PDB初识

一个CDB对应多个PDB；
CDB拥有供多个PDB共用的SGA, 控制文件，redo日志，undo表空间；
CDB会自动创建一个SEED PDB，当要创建多个PDB时可以用它来复制；
PDB拥有自己的SYSTEM和SYSAUX表空间；
PDB可以共享CDB的临时表空间（组），也可以拥有自己的临时表空间（组）；
CDB和PDB必须同时为归档或非归档模式。

1. 创建（DBCA）


上例中，创建了名为cdb1的CDB，在它之下又创建了一个名为pdb1的PDB。

2. 为PDB创建本地服务名

DBCA会自动为CDB创建本地服务名，但不会为PDB创建。因此需要自行创建。
创建什么服务名前需先看监听器的状态输出

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1. lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 11-MAY-2016 11:40:00

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=may.demo.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                11-MAY-2016 10:36:33
Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 3 min. 27 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/may/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=may.demo.com)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=may.demo.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb1/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "cdb1.demo.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdb1XDB.demo.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb1.demo.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

上例中注册到监听器的服务名为pdb1.demo.com（当初创建时加了域名），因此创建本地服务名时需以此输入。

3. 通过sqlplus访问

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1. #访问CDB，ORACLE_SID为cdb1
   
2. sqlplus / as sysdba
3. SQL> select * from cdb_pdbs;

4.     PDB_ID
   ----------
   PDB_NAME
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         DBID    CON_UID GUID                             STATUS    CREATION_SCN
   ---------- ---------- -------------------------------- --------- ------------
          VSN LOGGING   FOR FOR     CON_ID
   ---------- --------- --- --- ----------
            3
   PDB1
    791810194  791810194 3289542D519744A7E05305E2A8C09552 NORMAL         1749576
    202375680 LOGGING   NO  NO           3

   
       PDB_ID
   ----------
   PDB_NAME
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         DBID    CON_UID GUID                             STATUS    CREATION_SCN
   ---------- ---------- -------------------------------- --------- ------------
          VSN LOGGING   FOR FOR     CON_ID
   ---------- --------- --- --- ----------
            2
   PDB$SEED
   1676147930 1676147930 32892164997F3FB9E05305E2A8C0606B NORMAL         1594410
    202375680 LOGGING   NO  NO           2
   
   #CDB有完整的表空间

   SQL> select tablespace_name from cdb_tablespaces;

   TABLESPACE_NAME
   ------------------------------
   SYSTEM
   SYSAUX
   UNDOTBS1
   TEMP
   USERS
   SYSTEM
   SYSAUX
   TEMP
   USERS

   
   

再访问PDB

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1. sqlplus sys@pdb1 as sysdba
2. #实例名仍然是CDB1

3. SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

   INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
   ---------------- ------------
   cdb1             OPEN
   
   #V$DATABASE视图和CDB相同

   SQL> select dbid,name,cdb from v$database;

         DBID NAME      CDB
   ---------- --------- ---
    885276504 CDB1      YES
   
   #只显示自身（PDB1），没有了SEED PDB

   SQL> select * from cdb_pdbs;

       PDB_ID
   ----------
   PDB_NAME
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         DBID    CON_UID GUID                             STATUS    CREATION_SCN
   ---------- ---------- -------------------------------- --------- ------------
          VSN LOGGING   FOR FOR     CON_ID
   ---------- --------- --- --- ----------
            3
   PDB1
    791810194  791810194 3289542D519744A7E05305E2A8C09552 NORMAL         1749576
    202375680 LOGGING   NO  NO           3

   
   
   #表空间“减少”了

   
   SQL> select tablespace_name from cdb_tablespaces;

   TABLESPACE_NAME
   ------------------------------
   SYSTEM
   SYSAUX
   TEMP
   USERS

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