Python基础-类-导入类

Python基础-类-导入类

该程序示例演示在模块car.py中创建不同的类，并在另一个模块my_car.py中导入car.py模块中的类并进行相关操作。同时也演示了导入Python标准库的操作。

car.py

# ~ coding=GBK

# ~ 创建Car类
class Car():
	
	def __init__(self, make, model, year):
		self.make = make
		self.model = model
		self.year = year
		#给属性指定默认值，指定初始里程为0
		self.odometer = 0
		
	def get_descriptive_name(self):
		name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
		return name.title()
	

	def read_odometer(self):
		'''读取里程表读数'''
		print("This car has " + str(self.odometer) + " miles on it.")
	
	def update_odometer(self, mile_value):
		'''修改里程表读数为mile_value'''
		if mile_value >= self.odometer:#禁止往回调里程表
			self.odometer = mile_value
		else:
			print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
	
	def increment_odometer(self, increment_miles):
		if increment_miles >= 0:
			self.odometer += increment_miles
		else:
			print("You can't roll back an odometer!!")	


class Battery():
	
	def __init__(self):
		self.battery_size = 70#默认值为70
	
	def describe_battery(self):
		print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")

	def get_range(self):
		if self.battery_size == 70:
			range = 240
		elif self.battery_size == 85:
			range = 270
		message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
		message += " miles on a full charge."
		print(message)


# ~ ElectricCar类继承Car类
class ElectricCar(Car):
	
	def __init__(self, make, model, year):
		super().__init__(make, model, year)#初始化父类的属性
		self.battery = Battery()#将Battery类的实例用作属性

my_car.py

# ~ coding=UTF-8

from collections import OrderedDict	#导入一个Python标准库：有序字典
# ~ OrderedDict类与字典的区别仅仅在于OrderedDict记录了键值对的添加顺序
from car import Car,ElectricCar
#不推荐使用以下方式，如果从模块（car.py）中导入很多类时，采用import car的形式，
#此时引用时需要使用 模块名.类名 的方式（car.Car('audi', 'a6', 2017)）
# ~ from car import *	

my_new_car = Car('audi', 'a6', 2017)
print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())
my_new_car.update_odometer(23)
my_new_car.read_odometer()

my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model_s', 2019)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
print(my_tesla.battery.battery_size)
my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()

favorite_languages = OrderedDict()#调用OrderedDict创建一个空的有序字典
favorite_languages['jen'] = 'python'
favorite_languages['sarah'] = 'c'
favorite_languages['edward'] = 'ruby'
favorite_languages['phil'] = 'python'

for name,language in favorite_languages.items():
	print(name.title() + "'s favorite language is " + 
		language.title() + ".")