2011-9-26 4:38:14
Step 2. Process.start
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class Process {
......
public static final int start(final String processClass,
final String niceName,
int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
int debugFlags,
String[] zygoteArgs)
{
if (supportsProcesses()) {
try {
return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
debugFlags, zygoteArgs);
} catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
......
}
} else {
......
return 0;
}
}
......
}
public class Process {
......
public static final int start(final String processClass,
final String niceName,
int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
int debugFlags,
String[] zygoteArgs)
{
if (supportsProcesses()) {
try {
return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
debugFlags, zygoteArgs);
} catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
......
}
} else {
......
return 0;
}
}
......
} 这里的supportsProcesses函数返回值为true，它是一个Native函数，实现在frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Process.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?jboolean android_os_Process_supportsProcesses(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
return ProcessState::self()->supportsProcesses();
}
jboolean android_os_Process_supportsProcesses(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
return ProcessState::self()->supportsProcesses();
}
ProcessState::supportsProcesses函数定义在frameworks/base/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?bool ProcessState::supportsProcesses() const
{
return mDriverFD >= 0;
}
bool ProcessState::supportsProcesses() const
{
return mDriverFD >= 0;
}
这里的mDriverFD是设备文件/dev/binder的打开描述符，如果成功打开了这个设备文件，那么它的值就会大于等于0，因此，它的返回值为true。
回到Process.start函数中，它调用startViaZygote函数进一步操作。
Step 3. Process.startViaZygote
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class Process {
......
private static int startViaZygote(final String processClass,
final String niceName,
final int uid, final int gid,
final int[] gids,
int debugFlags,
String[] extraArgs)
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
int pid;
synchronized(Process.class) {
ArrayList<String> argsForZygote = new ArrayList<String>();
// --runtime-init, --setuid=, --setgid=,
// and --setgroups= must go first
argsForZygote.add("--runtime-init");
argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_SAFEMODE) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-safemode");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_CHECKJNI) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-checkjni");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_ASSERT) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-assert");
}
//TODO optionally enable debuger
//argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
// --setgroups is a comma-separated list
if (gids != null && gids.length > 0) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("--setgroups=");
int sz = gids.length;
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
sb.append(',');
}
sb.append(gids[i]);
}
argsForZygote.add(sb.toString());
}
if (niceName != null) {
argsForZygote.add("--nice-name=" + niceName);
}
argsForZygote.add(processClass);
if (extraArgs != null) {
for (String arg : extraArgs) {
argsForZygote.add(arg);
}
}
pid = zygoteSendArgsAndGetPid(argsForZygote);
}
}
......
}
public class Process {
......
private static int startViaZygote(final String processClass,
final String niceName,
final int uid, final int gid,
final int[] gids,
int debugFlags,
String[] extraArgs)
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
int pid;
synchronized(Process.class) {
ArrayList<String> argsForZygote = new ArrayList<String>();
// --runtime-init, --setuid=, --setgid=,
// and --setgroups= must go first
argsForZygote.add("--runtime-init");
argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_SAFEMODE) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-safemode");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_CHECKJNI) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-checkjni");
}
if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_ASSERT) != 0) {
argsForZygote.add("--enable-assert");
}
//TODO optionally enable debuger
//argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
// --setgroups is a comma-separated list
if (gids != null && gids.length > 0) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("--setgroups=");
int sz = gids.length;
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
sb.append(',');
}
sb.append(gids[i]);
}
argsForZygote.add(sb.toString());
}
if (niceName != null) {
argsForZygote.add("--nice-name=" + niceName);
}
argsForZygote.add(processClass);
if (extraArgs != null) {
for (String arg : extraArgs) {
argsForZygote.add(arg);
}
}
pid = zygoteSendArgsAndGetPid(argsForZygote);
}
}
......
} 这个函数将创建进程的参数放到argsForZygote列表中去，如参数"--runtime-init"表示要为新创建的进程初始化运行时库，然后调用zygoteSendAndGetPid函数进一步操作。
Step 4. Process.zygoteSendAndGetPid
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class Process {
......
private static int zygoteSendArgsAndGetPid(ArrayList<String> args)
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
int pid;
openZygoteSocketIfNeeded();
try {
/**
* See com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.readArgumentList()
* Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
* a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
* b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
*
* After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
* the child or -1 on failure.
*/
sZygoteWriter.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
sZygoteWriter.newLine();
int sz = args.size();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
String arg = args.get(i);
if (arg.indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(
"embedded newlines not allowed");
}
sZygoteWriter.write(arg);
sZygoteWriter.newLine();
}
sZygoteWriter.flush();
// Should there be a timeout on this?
pid = sZygoteInputStream.readInt();
if (pid < 0) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("fork() failed");
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
......
}
return pid;
}
......
}
public class Process {
......
private static int zygoteSendArgsAndGetPid(ArrayList<String> args)
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
int pid;
openZygoteSocketIfNeeded();
try {
/**
* See com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.readArgumentList()
* Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
* a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
* b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
*
* After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
* the child or -1 on failure.
*/
sZygoteWriter.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
sZygoteWriter.newLine();
int sz = args.size();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
String arg = args.get(i);
if (arg.indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(
"embedded newlines not allowed");
}
sZygoteWriter.write(arg);
sZygoteWriter.newLine();
}
sZygoteWriter.flush();
// Should there be a timeout on this?
pid = sZygoteInputStream.readInt();
if (pid < 0) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("fork() failed");
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
......
}
return pid;
}
......
} 这里的sZygoteWriter是一个Socket写入流，是由openZygoteSocketIfNeeded函数打开的：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class Process {
......
/**
* Tries to open socket to Zygote process if not already open. If
* already open, does nothing. May block and retry.
*/
private static void openZygoteSocketIfNeeded()
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
int retryCount;
if (sPreviousZygoteOpenFailed) {
/*
* If we've failed before, expect that we'll fail again and
* don't pause for retries.
*/
retryCount = 0;
} else {
retryCount = 10;
}
/*
* See bug #811181: Sometimes runtime can make it up before zygote.
* Really, we'd like to do something better to avoid this condition,
* but for now just wait a bit...
*/
for (int retry = 0
; (sZygoteSocket == null) && (retry < (retryCount + 1))
; retry++ ) {
if (retry > 0) {
try {
Log.i("Zygote", "Zygote not up yet, sleeping...");
Thread.sleep(ZYGOTE_RETRY_MILLIS);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// should never happen
}
}
try {
sZygoteSocket = new LocalSocket();
sZygoteSocket.connect(new LocalSocketAddress(ZYGOTE_SOCKET,
LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED));
sZygoteInputStream
= new DataInputStream(sZygoteSocket.getInputStream());
sZygoteWriter =
new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(
sZygoteSocket.getOutputStream()),
256);
Log.i("Zygote", "Process: zygote socket opened");
sPreviousZygoteOpenFailed = false;
break;
} catch (IOException ex) {
......
}
}
......
}
......
}
public class Process {
......
/**
* Tries to open socket to Zygote process if not already open. If
* already open, does nothing. May block and retry.
*/
private static void openZygoteSocketIfNeeded()
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
int retryCount;
if (sPreviousZygoteOpenFailed) {
/*
* If we've failed before, expect that we'll fail again and
* don't pause for retries.
*/
retryCount = 0;
} else {
retryCount = 10;
}
/*
* See bug #811181: Sometimes runtime can make it up before zygote.
* Really, we'd like to do something better to avoid this condition,
* but for now just wait a bit...
*/
for (int retry = 0
; (sZygoteSocket == null) && (retry < (retryCount + 1))
; retry++ ) {
if (retry > 0) {
try {
Log.i("Zygote", "Zygote not up yet, sleeping...");
Thread.sleep(ZYGOTE_RETRY_MILLIS);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
// should never happen
}
}
try {
sZygoteSocket = new LocalSocket();
sZygoteSocket.connect(new LocalSocketAddress(ZYGOTE_SOCKET,
LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED));
sZygoteInputStream
= new DataInputStream(sZygoteSocket.getInputStream());
sZygoteWriter =
new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(
sZygoteSocket.getOutputStream()),
256);
Log.i("Zygote", "Process: zygote socket opened");
sPreviousZygoteOpenFailed = false;
break;
} catch (IOException ex) {
......
}
}
......
}
......
} 这个Socket由frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java文件中的ZygoteInit类在runSelectLoopMode函数侦听的。
Step 5. ZygoteInit.runSelectLoopMode
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class ZygoteInit {
......
/**
* Runs the zygote process's select loop. Accepts new connections as
* they happen, and reads commands from connections one spawn-request's
* worth at a time.
*
* @throws MethodAndArgsCaller in a child process when a main() should
* be executed.
*/
private static void runSelectLoopMode() throws MethodAndArgsCaller {
ArrayList<FileDescriptor> fds = new ArrayList();
ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList();
FileDescriptor[] fdArray = new FileDescriptor[4];
fds.add(sServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
peers.add(null);
int loopCount = GC_LOOP_COUNT;
while (true) {
int index;
/*
* Call gc() before we block in select().
* It's work that has to be done anyway, and it's better
* to avoid making every child do it. It will also
* madvise() any free memory as a side-effect.
*
* Don't call it every time, because walking the entire
* heap is a lot of overhead to free a few hundred bytes.
*/
if (loopCount <= 0) {
gc();
loopCount = GC_LOOP_COUNT;
} else {
loopCount--;
}
try {
fdArray = fds.toArray(fdArray);
index = selectReadable(fdArray);
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error in select()", ex);
}
if (index < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error in select()");
} else if (index == 0) {
ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer();
peers.add(newPeer);
fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
} else {
boolean done;
done = peers.get(index).runOnce();
if (done) {
peers.remove(index);
fds.remove(index);
}
}
}
}
......
}
public class ZygoteInit {
......
/**
* Runs the zygote process's select loop. Accepts new connections as
* they happen, and reads commands from connections one spawn-request's
* worth at a time.
*
* @throws MethodAndArgsCaller in a child process when a main() should
* be executed.
*/
private static void runSelectLoopMode() throws MethodAndArgsCaller {
ArrayList<FileDescriptor> fds = new ArrayList();
ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList();
FileDescriptor[] fdArray = new FileDescriptor[4];
fds.add(sServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
peers.add(null);
int loopCount = GC_LOOP_COUNT;
while (true) {
int index;
/*
* Call gc() before we block in select().
* It's work that has to be done anyway, and it's better
* to avoid making every child do it. It will also
* madvise() any free memory as a side-effect.
*
* Don't call it every time, because walking the entire
* heap is a lot of overhead to free a few hundred bytes.
*/
if (loopCount <= 0) {
gc();
loopCount = GC_LOOP_COUNT;
} else {
loopCount--;
}
try {
fdArray = fds.toArray(fdArray);
index = selectReadable(fdArray);
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error in select()", ex);
}
if (index < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error in select()");
} else if (index == 0) {
ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer();
peers.add(newPeer);
fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
} else {
boolean done;
done = peers.get(index).runOnce();
if (done) {
peers.remove(index);
fds.remove(index);
}
}
}
}
......
} 当Step 4将数据通过Socket接口发送出去后，就会下面这个语句：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?done = peers.get(index).runOnce();
done = peers.get(index).runOnce(); 这里从peers.get(index)得到的是一个ZygoteConnection对象，表示一个Socket连接，因此，接下来就是调用ZygoteConnection.runOnce函数进一步处理了。
Step 6. ZygoteConnection.runOnce
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?class ZygoteConnection {
......
boolean runOnce() throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
String args[];
Arguments parsedArgs = null;
FileDescriptor[] descriptors;
try {
args = readArgumentList();
descriptors = mSocket.getAncillaryFileDescriptors();
} catch (IOException ex) {
......
return true;
}
......
/** the stderr of the most recent request, if avail */
PrintStream newStderr = null;
if (descriptors != null && descriptors.length >= 3) {
newStderr = new PrintStream(
new FileOutputStream(descriptors[2]));
}
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new Arguments(args);
applyUidSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
applyDebuggerSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs);
applyRlimitSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
applyCapabilitiesSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
int[][] rlimits = null;
if (parsedArgs.rlimits != null) {
rlimits = parsedArgs.rlimits.toArray(intArray2d);
}
pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids, parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
......
} catch (ZygoteSecurityException ex) {
......
}
if (pid == 0) {
// in child
handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, newStderr);
// should never happen
return true;
} else { /* pid != 0 */
// in parent...pid of < 0 means failure
return handleParentProc(pid, descriptors, parsedArgs);
}
}
......
}
class ZygoteConnection {
......
boolean runOnce() throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
String args[];
Arguments parsedArgs = null;
FileDescriptor[] descriptors;
try {
args = readArgumentList();
descriptors = mSocket.getAncillaryFileDescriptors();
} catch (IOException ex) {
......
return true;
}
......
/** the stderr of the most recent request, if avail */
PrintStream newStderr = null;
if (descriptors != null && descriptors.length >= 3) {
newStderr = new PrintStream(
new FileOutputStream(descriptors[2]));
}
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new Arguments(args);
applyUidSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
applyDebuggerSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs);
applyRlimitSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
applyCapabilitiesSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
int[][] rlimits = null;
if (parsedArgs.rlimits != null) {
rlimits = parsedArgs.rlimits.toArray(intArray2d);
}
pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids, parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
......
} catch (ZygoteSecurityException ex) {
......
}
if (pid == 0) {
// in child
handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, newStderr);
// should never happen
return true;
} else { /* pid != 0 */
// in parent...pid of < 0 means failure
return handleParentProc(pid, descriptors, parsedArgs);
}
}
......
} 真正创建进程的地方就是在这里了：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids, parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits);
pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids, parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits);
有Linux开发经验的读者很容易看懂这个函数调用，这个函数会创建一个进程，而且有两个返回值，一个是在当前进程中返回的，一个是在新创建的进程中返回
，即在当前进程的子进程中返回，在当前进程中的返回值就是新创建的子进程的pid值，而在子进程中的返回值是0。
因为我们只关心创建的新进程的情况，因此，我们沿着子进程的执行路径继续看下去：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint? if (pid == 0) {
// in child
handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, newStderr);
// should never happen
return true;
} else { /* pid != 0 */
......
}
if (pid == 0) {
// in child
handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, newStderr);
// should never happen
return true;
} else { /* pid != 0 */
......
} 这里就是调用handleChildProc函数了。
Step 7. ZygoteConnection.handleChildProc
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?class ZygoteConnection {
......
private void handleChildProc(Arguments parsedArgs,
FileDescriptor[] descriptors, PrintStream newStderr)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
......
if (parsedArgs.runtimeInit) {
RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.remainingArgs);
} else {
......
}
}
......
}
class ZygoteConnection {
......
private void handleChildProc(Arguments parsedArgs,
FileDescriptor[] descriptors, PrintStream newStderr)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
......
if (parsedArgs.runtimeInit) {
RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.remainingArgs);
} else {
......
}
}
......
} 由于在前面的Step 3中，指定了"--runtime-init"参数，表示要为新创建的进程初始化运行时库，因此，这里的parseArgs.runtimeInit值为true，于是就继续执行RuntimeInit.zygoteInit进一步处理了。
Step 8. RuntimeInit.zygoteInit
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class RuntimeInit {
......
public static final void zygoteInit(String[] argv)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
// TODO: Doing this here works, but it seems kind of arbitrary. Find
// a better place. The goal is to set it up for applications, but not
// tools like am.
System.setOut(new AndroidPrintStream(Log.INFO, "System.out"));
System.setErr(new AndroidPrintStream(Log.WARN, "System.err"));
commonInit();
zygoteInitNative();
int curArg = 0;
for ( /* curArg */ ; curArg < argv.length; curArg++) {
String arg = argv[curArg];
if (arg.equals("--")) {
curArg++;
break;
} else if (!arg.startsWith("--")) {
break;
} else if (arg.startsWith("--nice-name=")) {
String niceName = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
Process.setArgV0(niceName);
}
}
if (curArg == argv.length) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Missing classname argument to RuntimeInit!");
// let the process exit
return;
}
// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
String startClass = argv[curArg++];
String[] startArgs = new String[argv.length - curArg];
System.arraycopy(argv, curArg, startArgs, 0, startArgs.length);
invokeStaticMain(startClass, startArgs);
}
......
}
public class RuntimeInit {
......
public static final void zygoteInit(String[] argv)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
// TODO: Doing this here works, but it seems kind of arbitrary. Find
// a better place. The goal is to set it up for applications, but not
// tools like am.
System.setOut(new AndroidPrintStream(Log.INFO, "System.out"));
System.setErr(new AndroidPrintStream(Log.WARN, "System.err"));
commonInit();
zygoteInitNative();
int curArg = 0;
for ( /* curArg */ ; curArg < argv.length; curArg++) {
String arg = argv[curArg];
if (arg.equals("--")) {
curArg++;
break;
} else if (!arg.startsWith("--")) {
break;
} else if (arg.startsWith("--nice-name=")) {
String niceName = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
Process.setArgV0(niceName);
}
}
if (curArg == argv.length) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Missing classname argument to RuntimeInit!");
// let the process exit
return;
}
// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
String startClass = argv[curArg++];
String[] startArgs = new String[argv.length - curArg];
System.arraycopy(argv, curArg, startArgs, 0, startArgs.length);
invokeStaticMain(startClass, startArgs);
}
......
} 这里有两个关键的函数调用，一个是zygoteInitNative函数调用，一个是invokeStaticMain函数调用，前者就是执行Binder驱动程序初始化的相关工作了，正是由于执行了这个工作，才使得进程中的Binder对象能够顺利地进行Binder进程间通信，而后一个函数调用，就是执行进程的入口函数，这里就是执行startClass类的main函数了，而这个startClass即是我们在Step 1中传进来的"android.app.ActivityThread"值，表示要执行android.app.ActivityThread类的main函数。
我们先来看一下zygoteInitNative函数的调用过程，然后再回到RuntimeInit.zygoteInit函数中来，看看它是如何调用android.app.ActivityThread类的main函数的。
step 9. RuntimeInit.zygoteInitNative
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class RuntimeInit {
......
public static final native void zygoteInitNative();
......
}
public class RuntimeInit {
......
public static final native void zygoteInitNative();
......
} 这里可以看出，函数zygoteInitNative是一个Native函数，实现在frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
这里它调用了全局变量gCurRuntime的onZygoteInit函数，这个全局变量的定义在frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp文件开头的地方：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
这里可以看出，它的类型为AndroidRuntime，它是在AndroidRuntime类的构造函数中初始化的，AndroidRuntime类的构造函数也是定义在frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime()
{
......
assert(gCurRuntime == NULL); // one per process
gCurRuntime = this;
}
AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime()
{
......
assert(gCurRuntime == NULL); // one per process
gCurRuntime = this;
}
那么这个AndroidRuntime类的构造函数又是什么时候被调用的呢？AndroidRuntime类的声明在frameworks/base/include/android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h文件中，如果我们打开这个文件会看到，它是一个虚拟类，也就是我们不能直接创建一个AndroidRuntime对象，只能用一个AndroidRuntime类的指针来指向它的某一个子类，这个子类就是AppRuntime了，它定义在frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?int main(int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
......
AppRuntime runtime;
......
}
int main(int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
......
AppRuntime runtime;
......
} 而AppRuntime类继续了AndroidRuntime类，它也是定义在frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime
{
......
};
class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime
{
......
};
因此，在前面的com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit函数，实际是执行了AppRuntime类的onZygoteInit函数。
Step 10. AppRuntime.onZygoteInit
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime
{
......
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
if (proc->supportsProcesses()) {
LOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();
}
}
......
};
class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime
{
......
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
if (proc->supportsProcesses()) {
LOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();
}
}
......
}; 这里它就是调用ProcessState::startThreadPool启动线程池了，这个线程池中的线程就是用来和Binder驱动程序进行交互的了。
Step 11. ProcessState.startThreadPool
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
{
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {
mThreadPoolStarted = true;
spawnPooledThread(true);
}
}
void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
{
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {
mThreadPoolStarted = true;
spawnPooledThread(true);
}
} ProcessState类是Binder进程间通信机制的一个基础组件，它的作用可以参考浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service Manager接口之路、Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析和Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Client获得Server远程接口过程源代码分析这三篇文章。这里它调用spawnPooledThread函数进一步处理。
Step 12. ProcessState.spawnPooledThread
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)
{
if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);
char buf[32];
sprintf(buf, "Binder Thread #%d", s);
LOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", buf);
sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);
t->run(buf);
}
}
void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)
{
if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);
char buf[32];
sprintf(buf, "Binder Thread #%d", s);
LOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", buf);
sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);
t->run(buf);
}
}
这里它会创建一个PoolThread线程类，然后执行它的run函数，最终就会执行PoolThread类的threadLoop函数了。
Step 13. PoolThread.threadLoop
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
PoolThread(bool isMain)
: mIsMain(isMain)
{
}
protected:
virtual bool threadLoop()
{
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
}
const bool mIsMain;
};
class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
PoolThread(bool isMain)
: mIsMain(isMain)
{
}
protected:
virtual bool threadLoop()
{
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
}
const bool mIsMain;
};
这里它执行了IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool函数进一步处理。IPCThreadState也是Binder进程间通信机制的一个基础组件，它的作用可以参考浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service Manager接口之路、Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析和Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Client获得Server远程接口过程源代码分析这三篇文章。
Step 14. IPCThreadState.joinThreadPool
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
{
......
mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);
......
status_t result;
do {
int32_t cmd;
......
// now get the next command to be processed, waiting if necessary
result = talkWithDriver();
if (result >= NO_ERROR) {
size_t IN = mIn.dataAvail();
if (IN < sizeof(int32_t)) continue;
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
......
result = executeCommand(cmd);
}
......
} while (result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF);
......
mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
talkWithDriver(false);
}
void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
{
......
mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);
......
status_t result;
do {
int32_t cmd;
......
// now get the next command to be processed, waiting if necessary
result = talkWithDriver();
if (result >= NO_ERROR) {
size_t IN = mIn.dataAvail();
if (IN < sizeof(int32_t)) continue;
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
......
result = executeCommand(cmd);
}
......
} while (result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF);
......
mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
talkWithDriver(false);
} 这个函数首先告诉Binder驱动程序，这条线程要进入循环了：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);
mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER); 然后在中间的while循环中通过talkWithDriver不断与Binder驱动程序进行交互，以便获得Client端的进程间调用：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?result = talkWithDriver();
result = talkWithDriver(); 获得了Client端的进程间调用后，就调用excuteCommand函数来处理这个请求：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?result = executeCommand(cmd);
result = executeCommand(cmd); 最后，线程退出时，也会告诉Binder驱动程序，它退出了，这样Binder驱动程序就不会再在Client端的进程间调用分发给它了：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
talkWithDriver(false);
mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
talkWithDriver(false); 我们再来看看talkWithDriver函数的实现。
Step 15. talkWithDriver
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
......
binder_write_read bwr;
// Is the read buffer empty?
const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();
// We don't want to write anything if we are still reading
// from data left in the input buffer and the caller
// has requested to read the next data.
const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
bwr.write_size = outAvail;
bwr.write_buffer = (long unsigned int)mOut.data();
// This is what we'll read.
if (doReceive && needRead) {
bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
bwr.read_buffer = (long unsigned int)mIn.data();
} else {
bwr.read_size = 0;
}
......
// Return immediately if there is nothing to do.
if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
status_t err;
do {
......
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)
if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)
err = NO_ERROR;
else
err = -errno;
#else
err = INVALID_OPERATION;
#endif
......
}
} while (err == -EINTR);
....
if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
if (bwr..write_consumed > 0) {
if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())
mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
else
mOut.setDataSize(0);
}
if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);
}
......
return NO_ERROR;
}
return err;
}
status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
......
binder_write_read bwr;
// Is the read buffer empty?
const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();
// We don't want to write anything if we are still reading
// from data left in the input buffer and the caller
// has requested to read the next data.
const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
bwr.write_size = outAvail;
bwr.write_buffer = (long unsigned int)mOut.data();
// This is what we'll read.
if (doReceive && needRead) {
bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
bwr.read_buffer = (long unsigned int)mIn.data();
} else {
bwr.read_size = 0;
}
......
// Return immediately if there is nothing to do.
if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
status_t err;
do {
......
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)
if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)
err = NO_ERROR;
else
err = -errno;
#else
err = INVALID_OPERATION;
#endif
......
}
} while (err == -EINTR);
....
if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
if (bwr..write_consumed > 0) {
if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())
mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
else
mOut.setDataSize(0);
}
if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);
}
......
return NO_ERROR;
}
return err;
} 这个函数的具体作用可以参考Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析一文，它只要就是通过ioctl文件操作函数来和Binder驱动程序交互的了：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr)
ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) 有了这个线程池之后，我们在开发Android应用程序的时候，当我们要和其它进程中进行通信时，只要定义自己的Binder对象，然后把这个Binder对象的远程接口通过其它途径传给其它进程后，其它进程就可以通过这个Binder对象的远程接口来调用我们的应用程序进程的函数了，它不像我们在C++层实现Binder进程间通信机制的Server时，必须要手动调用IPCThreadState.joinThreadPool函数来进入一个无限循环中与Binder驱动程序交互以便获得Client端的请求，这样就实现了我们在文章开头处说的Android应用程序进程天然地支持Binder进程间通信机制。
细心的读者可能会发现，从Step 1到Step 9，都是在Android应用程序框架层运行的，而从Step 10到Step 15，都是在Android系统运行时库层运行的，这两个层次中的Binder进程间通信机制的接口一个是用Java来实现的，而别一个是用C++来实现的，这两者是如何协作的呢？这就是通过JNI层来实现的了，具体可以参考Android系统进程间通信Binder机制在应用程序框架层的Java接口源代码分析一文。
回到Step 8中的RuntimeInit.zygoteInit函数中，在初始化完成Binder进程间通信机制的基础设施后，它接着就要进入进程的入口函数了。
Step 16. RuntimeInit.invokeStaticMain
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class ZygoteInit {
......
static void invokeStaticMain(ClassLoader loader,
String className, String[] argv)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = loader.loadClass(className);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
......
}
Method m;
try {
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
......
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
......
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
......
/*
* This throw gets caught in ZygoteInit.main(), which responds
* by invoking the exception's run() method. This arrangement
* clears up all the stack frames that were required in setting
* up the process.
*/
throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
......
}
public class ZygoteInit {
......
static void invokeStaticMain(ClassLoader loader,
String className, String[] argv)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = loader.loadClass(className);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
......
}
Method m;
try {
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
......
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
......
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
......
/*
* This throw gets caught in ZygoteInit.main(), which responds
* by invoking the exception's run() method. This arrangement
* clears up all the stack frames that were required in setting
* up the process.
*/
throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
......
} 前面我们说过，这里传进来的参数className字符串值为"android.app.ActivityThread"，这里就通ClassLoader.loadClass函数将它加载到进程中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?cl = loader.loadClass(className);
cl = loader.loadClass(className); 然后获得它的静态成员函数main：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class }); 函数最后并没有直接调用这个静态成员函数main，而是通过抛出一个异常ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller，然后让ZygoteInit.main函数在捕获这个异常的时候再调用android.app.ActivityThread类的main函数。为什么要这样做呢？注释里面已经讲得很清楚了，它是为了清理堆栈的，这样就会让android.app.ActivityThread类的main函数觉得自己是进程的入口函数，而事实上，在执行android.app.ActivityThread类的main函数之前，已经做了大量的工作了。
我们看看ZygoteInit.main函数在捕获到这个异常的时候做了什么事：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class ZygoteInit {
......
public static void main(String argv[]) {
try {
......
} catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
......
}
}
......
}
public class ZygoteInit {
......
public static void main(String argv[]) {
try {
......
} catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
......
}
}
......
} 它执行MethodAndArgsCaller的run函数：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public class ZygoteInit {
......
public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception
implements Runnable {
/** method to call */
private final Method mMethod;
/** argument array */
private final String[] mArgs;
public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
mMethod = method;
mArgs = args;
}
public void run() {
try {
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
......
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
......
}
}
}
......
}
public class ZygoteInit {
......
public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception
implements Runnable {
/** method to call */
private final Method mMethod;
/** argument array */
private final String[] mArgs;
public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
mMethod = method;
mArgs = args;
}
public void run() {
try {
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
......
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
......
}
}
}
......
} 这里的成员变量mMethod和mArgs都是在前面构造异常对象时传进来的，这里的mMethod就对应android.app.ActivityThread类的main函数了，于是最后就通过下面语句执行这个函数：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs }); 这样，android.app.ActivityThread类的main函数就被执行了。
Step 17. ActivityThread.main
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public final class ActivityThread {
......
public static final void main(String[] args) {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = new Handler();
}
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
Looper.loop();
if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
thread.detach();
String name = (thread.mInitialApplication != null)
? thread.mInitialApplication.getPackageName()
: "<unknown>";
Slog.i(TAG, "Main thread of " + name + " is now exiting");
}
......
}
public final class ActivityThread {
......
public static final void main(String[] args) {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = new Handler();
}
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
Looper.loop();
if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
thread.detach();
String name = (thread.mInitialApplication != null)
? thread.mInitialApplication.getPackageName()
: "<unknown>";
Slog.i(TAG, "Main thread of " + name + " is now exiting");
}
......
} 从这里我们可以看出，这个函数首先会在进程中创建一个ActivityThread对象：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread(); 然后进入消息循环中：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?Looper.loop();
Looper.loop(); 这样，我们以后就可以在这个进程中启动Activity或者Service了。
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
