Oracle Database Windows/UNIX Differences
oracle数据库 windows/unix 环境下的不同点
This chapter lists major differences between Oracle Database on Windows and UNIX. For Oracle Database developers and database administrators moving from a UNIX platform to Windows, this information can be helpful in understanding Windows features that are relevant to Oracle Database.
这一章将列出oracle数据库在windows 和unix系统的主要不同。针对Oracle数据库开发者,数据库管理
者从unix平台迁移到windows平台,这个信息对与理解oracle 数据库相关的windows 的特点很重要。
This chapter contains these topics:
本章包含如下的专题
Automatic Startup and Shutdown
自动启动和关闭
Background Processing and Batch Jobs
后台进程和批量工作
Diagnostic and Tuning Utilities
检测以及调试工具
Direct Writes to Disk
直接写到硬盘
Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs)
动态链接库
Hot Backups
热备份
Initialization Parameters: Multiple Database Writers
初始化参数:多个数据库写进程
Install Accounts and Groups
安装账户和组
Installation
安装
Memory Resources
内存资源
Microsoft Transaction Server
微软事务服务器
Multiple Oracle Homes and OFA
多个ORACLE Home以及ORACLE体系结构
Processes and Threads
进程和线程
Raw Partitions
裸分区
Services
服务
Automatic Startup and Shutdown
On UNIX, several files and scripts in different directories are used to start an instance automatically. Other scripts are run on computer shutdown, allowing applications such as Oracle Database to shut down cleanly.
在UNIX环境下,不同目录的某些文件和脚本将被用来自动启动实例。其它的脚本将在电脑关闭的时候
运行,允许类似ORACLE数据库的应用程序能够干净的关闭。
For automatic startup on Windows, set registry parameter ORA_SID_AUTOSTART to true using an Oracle Database tool such as ORADIM. Enter the following with parameters at the command prompt:
为了在windows环境自动启动oracle,需要通过使用ORACLE数据库工具 ORADIM 来设置注册参数 ORA_SID_AUTOSTART 为true。在命令行环境下敲入下面的参数:
C:/> oradim options
To start the listener automatically, set services startup type to automatic.
为了自动启动listener,设置服务的启动类型为自动
For automatic shutdown on Windows, set registry parameters ORA_SHUTDOWN and ORA_SID_SHUTDOWN to stop the relevant OracleServiceSID and shut down. Set registry parameter ORA_SID_SHUTDOWNTYPE to control shutdown mode (default is i, or immediate).
为了自动关闭windows上的 oracle,需要设置参数 ORA_SHUTDOWN和ORA_SID_SHUTDOWN 来关闭相关的
OracleServiceSID,并关闭。设置注册参数 ORA_SID_SHUTDOWNTYPE来控制关闭的模式。(默认的是
i,或者immediate)
See Also:
Chapter 5, "Administering a Database on Windows"
可以参见第五章"在windows上管理一个数据库"
Oracle Database 2 Day DBA
Background Processing and Batch Jobs
后台进程和批量作业
UNIX provides sophisticated control mechanisms for background processing and batch jobs.
For similar functionality on Windows, use the AT command or a GUI version in the Microsoft Resource Kit.
Unix提供了复杂的控制机制来管理后台进程和批量作业。
针对类似windows的功能,使用AT 命令或者 微软自带的工具包来达到效果。
Diagnostic and Tuning Utilities
侦测和调试工具
On UNIX, utilities such as sar and vmstat are used to monitor Oracle Database background and shadow processes. These utilities are not integrated with Oracle Database.
在UNIX环境下,类似SAR和vmstat 将被用来监控ORACLE数据库后台进程、影子进程。这些工具
没有和ORACLE 数据库整合在一起。
Performance utilities available on Windows include Oracle Counters for Windows Performance Monitor, Task Manager, Control Panel, Event Viewer, User Manager, and Microsoft Management Console (included only with Windows 2000).
在windows平台可用的性能工具包括:ORACLE Counters 的windows 性能监控,任务管理器、控制面板、
事件观察器、用户管理、微软管理控制台(包含在windows 2000上)
Oracle Database is integrated with several of these tools. For example:
Oracle数据库包含了下面的一些工具。比如:
Oracle Counters for Windows Performance Monitor displays key Oracle Database information. This tool is the same in appearance and operation as Windows Performance Monitor, except it has been preloaded with Oracle Database performance elements.
Oracle 计数器(windows 性能观察器)将显示关键的ORACLE数据库信息。这个工具盒windows
性能监视器是一个外壳,不同点是里面预安装了ORACLE数据库的性能元素。
Event Viewer displays system alert messages, including Oracle Database startup/shutdown messages and audit trail.
事件观察器包含了系统的告警信息,其中还有oracle数据库的启停信息以及审计信息。
Task Manager on Windows displays currently running processes and their resource usage, similar to the UNIX ps -ef command or HP OpenVMS SHOW SYSTEM. But Task Manager is easier to interpret and the columns can be customized.
windows上的任务管理器显示了当前的运行进程以及它们的资源使用情况,类似在UNIX系统上使用 ps -ef
命令或者 HP的OpenVMS平台使用 SHOW SYSTEM命令。不过任务管理器容易理解,而且对应的列可以被定制。
See Also:
Chapter 2, "Database Tools on Windows"
Chapter 6, "Monitoring a Database on Windows"
参看第2章:windows上的数据库工具
第6章:查看windows上的数据库
Direct Writes to Disk
对磁盘的直接写
On both UNIX and Windows platforms, bypassing the file system buffer cache ensures data is written to disk.
在UNIX和Windows系统上,跳过文件系统的buffer cache将保证数据将写到磁盘上。
On UNIX, Oracle Database uses the O_SYNC flag to bypass the file system buffer cache. The flag name depends on the UNIX port.
在UNIX系统上,Oracle数据库使用O_SYNC标识符来跳过文件系统的buffer cache。标识符名字依靠于
UNIX的端口。
On Windows, Oracle Database bypasses the file system buffer cache completely.
在Windows系统上,Oracle数据库将完全跳过文件系统的buffer cache。
Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs)
动态链接库
Shared libraries on UNIX are similar to shared DLLs on Windows. Object files and archive libraries are linked to generate Oracle Database executables. Relinking is necessary after certain operations, such as installation of a patch.
共享的动态链接库在unix环境下与windows环境下是类似的。对象文件和归档库链接起来了,产生可执行的
Oracle数据库。在某些操作下重新链接是需要的,比如安装一个补丁包。
On Windows, Oracle Database DLLs form part of the executable at run time and are therefore smaller. DLLs can be shared between multiple executables. Relinking by the user is not supported, but executable images can be modified using ORASTACK.
在windows平台上,Oracle数据库的DLL 在运行时 形成了可执行的一部分,因此要小一点。
动态链接库在多个可执行的文件中可以被共享。用户对动态链接库进行重新链接是不支持的,但是可执行的
镜像可以通过ORASTACK来修改。
Modifying executable images on Windows reduces the chances of running out of virtual memory when using a large SGA or when supporting thousands of connections. However, Oracle recommends doing this only under the guidance of Oracle Support Services.
在windows平台修改可执行的镜像减少了使用大的SGA并支持上千个连接时耗完虚拟内存的几率。
但是Oracle建议在Oracle的服务支持的引导下做这个操作。
Hot Backups
热备份
A (manual) hot backup is equivalent to backing up a tablespace that is in offline backup mode.
手动的热备份相当于备份一个离线状态的处于备份模式的表空间。
Backup strategy on UNIX is as follows: put the tablespace into backup mode, copy the files to the backup location, and bring the tablespace out of backup mode.
UNIX环境下的备份策略如下:把表空间置为备份模式,把数据文件拷贝到备份的位置,再把表空间
修改回正常模式。
Windows supports the same backup strategy, but you cannot copy files in use with normal Windows utilities. Use OCOPY to copy open database files to another disk location. Then use a utility to copy the files to tape.
Windws 也支持同样的备份策略,不过你不能使用普通的windows工具来拷贝正在使用的文件。
使用OCOPY来拷贝打开的数据库文件到其他的磁盘位置,然后使用工具把文件拷贝到磁带上去。
Initialization Parameters: Multiple Database Writers
初始化参数:多个数据库写进程
On UNIX, you can specify more than one database writer process with initialization parameter DB_WRITERS. Multiple database writers can help, for example, when a UNIX port does not support asynchronous I/O.
在UNIX系统上,你可以通过设置初始化参数DB_WRITERS来设定超过一个的数据库写进程。多个数据库写
进程能够起到好的作用,比如在UNIX端口不支持异步IO的情况下。
DB_WRITERS is supported but typically unnecessary on Windows, which has its own asynchronous I/O capabilities.
DB_WRITERS 在windows环境下被支持但是是不需要设置的,因为windows上有自己的异步I/O能力。
See Also:
Chapter 13, "Oracle Database Specifications for Windows"
可以参考:
windows平台下的oracle数据库设定
Install Accounts and Groups
安装账户和组
UNIX uses the concept of a DBA group. The root account cannot be used to install Oracle Database. A separate Oracle Database account must be created manually.
UNIX使用DBA组的概念。而root 账户不能被用来安装ORACLE数据库。我们必须手工来指定一个ORACLE
数据库账户。
On Windows, Oracle Database must be installed by a Windows username in the Administrators group. The username is automatically added to the Windows local group ORA_DBA, which receives the SYSDBA privilege. This allows the user to log in to the database using CONNECT / AS SYSDBA and not be prompted for a password.
在windows平台,oracle数据库必须被处于administrator组下的用户安装。用户名将被自动添加到windows
的本地组里(ORA_DBA),这个组将接受SYSDBA权限。这将允许用户使用命令"connect / as sysdba"登录oracle数据库,并不需要提交密码。
Password files are located in the ORACLE_BASE/ORACLE_HOME/database directory and are named pwdSID.ora, where SID identifies the Oracle Database instance.
密码文件位于 ORACLE_BASE/ORACLE_HOME/database 文件夹下,被命名为 pwdSID.ora,而SID 将
标识为数据库实例。
See Also:
Chapter 5, "Administering a Database on Windows"
可以参看
第五章 在windows平台下管理数据库
Installation
安装
The following manual setup tasks, all required on UNIX, are not required on Windows:
如下的手动设置任务都被UNIX系统所需要,但是不被windows锁要求
Set environment variables
设置环境变量
Create a DBA group for database administrators
配置DBA组来做数据库的管理
Create a group for users running Oracle Universal Installer
为运行OUI的用户建立一个组
Create an account dedicated to installing and upgrading Oracle Database components
建立一个账户,专用来安装和升级ORACLE数据库组件
See Also:
Oracle Database Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows (32-Bit)
参照:
微软windows 32位数据库下Oracle数据库安装向导
Memory Resources
内存资源
The resources provided by the UNIX default kernels are often inadequate for a medium or large instance of Oracle Database. The maximum size of a shared memory segment (SHMMAX) and maximum number of semaphores available (SEMMNS) may be too low for Oracle Database recommendations.
被UNIX默认内核锁提供的默认资源对一个中等的或者大型的数据库实例往往是不够的。
最大的共享内存段(SHMMAX)或者最大的可用信号量(SEMMNS)对于ORACLE数据库的建议值来说太低了。
On Windows, fewer resources are needed for interprocess communication (IPC), because the Oracle Database relational database management system is thread-based and not process-based. These resources, including shared memory and semaphores, are not adjustable by the user.
在windows平台上,只需要较少的资源用来做进程间通讯,因为ORACLE 数据库的关系型数据库管理系统
是基于线程的而不是进程。这些资源,包括共享内存和信号量,都是用户不可修改的。
Microsoft Transaction Server
微软的事务服务器
UNIX does not support Microsoft Transaction Server.
UNIX不支持微软的事务服务器
Windows supports Microsoft Transaction Server beginning with Oracle8. Using Oracle Services for Microsoft Transaction Server, you can develop and deploy applications based on COM/COM+. Microsoft Transaction Server coordinates application transactions for Oracle Database.
从ORACLE 8开始,windows就支持微软事务服务器。使用ORACLE服务来做微软事务服务器,你可以开发并
部署基于 COM/COM+的应用。微软事务服务器与ORACLE 数据库的应用事务是协调的。
See Also:
Oracle Services for Microsoft Transaction Server Developer's Guide
可参考
针对微软事务服务器开发者的ORACLE服务指南