Java并发编程之ThreadLocal类详解

ThreadLocal类可以理解为 ThreadLocalVariable (线程局部变量) ， 提供了get与set等访问接口或方法，这些方法为每个使用该变量的线程都存有一份独立的副本，因此get总是返回当前执行线程在调用set时设置的最新值。可以将ThreadLocal<T>视为 包含了Map<Thread,T>对象，保存了特定于该线程的值。

概括起来说，对于多线程资源共享的问题，同步机制采用了“以时间换空间”的方式，而ThreadLocal采用了“以空间换时间”的方式。前者仅提供一份变量，让不同的线程排队访问，而后者为每一个线程都提供了一份变量，因此可以同时访问而互不影响。

模拟ThreadLocal

     
     

       
       import java.util.Collections;
      
      
      
      

       
       import java.util.HashMap;
      
      
      
      

       
       import java.util.Map;
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       public class SimpleThreadLocal<T> {
      
      
      
      

       
       	private Map<Thread, T> valueMap = Collections
      
      
      
      

       
       			.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Thread, T>());
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       	public void set(T newValue) {
      
      
      
      

       
       		valueMap.put(Thread.currentThread(), newValue); // ①键为线程对象，值为本线程的变量副本
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       	public T get() {
      
      
      
      

       
       		Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
      
      
      
      

       
       		T o = valueMap.get(currentThread); // ②返回本线程对应的变量
      
      
      
      

       
       		if (o == null && !valueMap.containsKey(currentThread)) { // ③如果在Map中不存在，放到Map中保存起来。
      
      
      
      

       
       			o = initialValue();
      
      
      
      

       
       			valueMap.put(currentThread, o);
      
      
      
      

       
       		}
      
      
      
      

       
       		return o;
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       	public void remove() {
      
      
      
      

       
       		valueMap.remove(Thread.currentThread());
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       	protected T initialValue() {
      
      
      
      

       
       		return null;
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     

实用ThreadLocal

     
     

       
       class Count {
      
      
      
      

       
       	private SimpleThreadLocal<Integer> count = new SimpleThreadLocal<Integer>() {
      
      
      
      

       
       		@Override
      
      
      
      

       
       		protected Integer initialValue() {
      
      
      
      

       
       			return 0;
      
      
      
      

       
       		}
      
      
      
      

       
       	};
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       	public Integer increase() {
      
      
      
      

       
       		count.set(count.get() + 1);
      
      
      
      

       
       		return count.get();
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       }
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       class TestThread implements Runnable {
      
      
      
      

       
       	private Count count;
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       	public TestThread(Count count) {
      
      
      
      

       
       		this.count = count;
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       	@Override
      
      
      
      

       
       	public void run() {
      
      
      
      

       
       		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
      
      
      
      

       
       		for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
      
      
      
      

       
       			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i
      
      
      
      

       
       					+ "th\t" + count.increase());
      
      
      
      

       
       		}
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
       }
      
      
      
      

       
        
      
      
      
      

       
       public class TestThreadLocal {
      
      
      
      

       
       	public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
      
      

       
       		Count count = new Count();
      
      
      
      

       
       		Thread t1 = new Thread(new TestThread(count));
      
      
      
      

       
       		Thread t2 = new Thread(new TestThread(count));
      
      
      
      

       
       		Thread t3 = new Thread(new TestThread(count));
      
      
      
      

       
       		Thread t4 = new Thread(new TestThread(count));
      
      
      
      

       
       		t1.start();
      
      
      
      

       
       		t2.start();
      
      
      
      

       
       		t3.start();
      
      
      
      

       
       		t4.start();
      
      
      
      

       
       	}
      
      
      
      

       
       }
      
      
      
      

       
       

      
      
     
     

输出

Thread-0    1th    1

Thread-0    2th    2

Thread-0    3th    3

Thread-3    1th    1

Thread-1    1th    1

Thread-1    2th    2

Thread-2    1th    1

Thread-1    3th    3

Thread-3    2th    2

Thread-3    3th    3

Thread-2    2th    2

Thread-2    3th    3