javascript实现自动无缝轮播图
1、实现原理
轮播图实现原理是用一个大盒子组容器,里面包含一个小盒子,小盒子用来移动,小盒子里装着要轮播的图片,图片水平排放,当小盒子移动的时候带动图片一起移动,要想实现无缝轮播,则要在最后放一张与第一张一摸一样的图片,当图片滚动到最后一张时,用户会感觉这是第一张,然后再跳到第一张,这样用户就不会感觉图片是跳过去的,实现无缝轮播
2、实现效果
(图片上传有大小限制,这里就展示一部分。。。)
3、代码展示
3.1 网页结构布局(html代码)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/case.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="view">
<div id="banner">
<ul id="ul">
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/1.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/2.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/3.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/4.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/5.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
</ul>
<!-- 小圆点 用于显示图片个数 -->
<ol id="bar">
<!-- 因为要动态获取图片个数进行展示,所以这里不能写死 -->
</ol>
<!-- 左右焦点 -->
<div id="fouse" style="display: none;">
<span id="left">
<
</span>
<span id="right">
>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
3.2 样式(css代码)
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
#view {
width: 400px;
height: 600px;
margin: 100px auto;
border: 1px solid #000
}
#banner {
width: 400px;
height: 600px;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
#banner img {
width: 400px;
height: 600px;
vertical-align: top;
}
#ul {
width: 1000%;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
list-style: none;
}
#banner li {
float: left;
}
#fouse {
width: 100%;
height: 50px;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 50%;
}
#fouse span {
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 50px;
line-height: 50px;
color: #fff;
cursor: pointer;
font-weight: bold;
opacity: 0.5;
}
#fouse #left {
float: left;
}
#fouse #right {
float: right;
}
ol {
position: absolute;
height: 20px;
right: 20px;
bottom: 20px;
text-align: center;
padding: 5px;
}
ol li {
display: inline-block;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
line-height: 20px;
background: #fff;
margin: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
}
ol .current {
background-color: pink;
}
3.3 核心JS代码
首先获取元素方便之后操作
var view = document.getElementById("view");
var banner = document.getElementById("banner");
var fouse = document.getElementById("fouse");
var ulObj = banner.children[0];
var list = ulObj.children;
var olObj = banner.children[1];
var imgWidth = banner.offsetWidth;
var pic = 0;
var left = document.getElementById("left");
var right = document.getElementById("right");
因为是动态创建小圆点,所以用for循环遍历图片列表,创建小圆点
for(var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
var liObj = document.createElement("li");
olObj.appendChild(liObj);
liObj.innerText = (i + 1);
//给小圆点动态添加一个index属性
liObj.setAttribute("index", i)
}
把鼠标移到某一个小圆点上,可以跳转到指定的图片,所以给小圆点按钮注册一个onmouseover事件
liObj.onmouseover = function() {
//清空所有样式
for(var j = 0; j < olObj.children.length; j++) {
olObj.children[j].removeAttribute("class");
}
this.className = "current";
pic = this.getAttribute("index");
//animate是后面自己封装的方法,用于移动图片
animate(ulObj,-pic*imgWidth);
}
}
默认给第一个按钮添加样式
olObj.children[0].className = "current";
要想实现无缝轮播,克隆第一张图片
ulObj.appendChild(ulObj.children[0].cloneNode(true))
开启定时器
var timeId = setInterval(onMouseClickHandle,1000)
function onMouseClickHandle () {
//如果是pic的值为5,此时显示第六张图片(内容为第一张),用户会认为看到的是第一张图片,所以当用户点击下一张的时候应该显示第二张图片
if(pic == list.length - 1) {
//如何实现从第六张变到第一张
pic = 0;
ulObj.style.left = 0 + 'px'//让ul的位置回到默认位置
}
pic++//pic++此时pic=1
animate(ulObj, -pic * imgWidth)
if(pic == list.length - 1) {
//清除所有小圆点的样式,设置第一个小圆点为高亮状态
olObj.children[olObj.children.length - 1].className = '';
olObj.children[0].className = "current"
}
else {
for(var i = 0; i < olObj.children.length; i++) {
olObj.children[i].removeAttribute("class");
}
olObj.children[pic].className = "current"
}
}
封装用于移动任意元素到指定位置的函数
function animate(elem, target) {
clearInterval(elem.timeId);
elem.timeId = setInterval(function() {
//获取当前元素位置,为数字类型
var current = elem.offsetLeft;
//设置一次移动的距离
var step = 10;
//三目运算符,当不等式成立时,结果为冒号前面的值,反之为冒号后面的值
step = current < target ? step : -step;
current += step;
if(Math.abs(current - target) > Math.abs(step)) {
elem.style.left = current + "px"
}else {
//清除定时器
clearInterval(elem.timeId);
//到达指定位置
elem.style.left = target + "px"
}
},10)
}
给用户设置交互事件
view.onmouseover = function() {
//鼠标悬停,显示切换按钮和清除定时器
fouse.style.display = "block"
clearInterval(timeId)
}
view.onmouseout = function() {
//鼠标移开,隐藏切换按钮和开启定时器
timeId = setInterval(onMouseClickHandle,1000)
fouse.style.display = "none"
}
//点击切换下一张
right.onclick = onMouseClickHandle;
//点击切换上一张
left.onclick = function() {
//如果当前是第一张图片
if(pic == 0) {
pic = list.length - 1;
ulObj.style.left = -pic * imgWidth + "px";
}
pic --;
animate(ulObj, - pic * imgWidth);
for(var i = 0;i < olObj.children.length; i++) {
olObj.children[i].removeAttribute("class");
}
olObj.children[pic].className = "current"
}
3.4 完整代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
#view {
width: 400px;
height: 600px;
margin: 100px auto;
border: 1px solid #000
}
#banner {
width: 400px;
height: 600px;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
#banner img {
width: 400px;
height: 600px;
vertical-align: top;
}
#ul {
width: 1000%;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
list-style: none;
}
#banner li {
float: left;
}
#fouse {
width: 100%;
height: 50px;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 50%;
}
#fouse span {
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 50px;
line-height: 50px;
color: #fff;
cursor: pointer;
font-weight: bold;
opacity: 0.5;
}
#fouse #left {
float: left;
}
#fouse #right {
float: right;
}
ol {
position: absolute;
height: 20px;
right: 20px;
bottom: 20px;
text-align: center;
padding: 5px;
}
ol li {
display: inline-block;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
line-height: 20px;
background: #fff;
margin: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
}
ol .current {
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="view">
<div id="banner">
<ul id="ul">
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/1.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/2.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/3.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/4.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
<li><a href="#"><img src="images/5.jpg" alt=""></a></li>
</ul>
<!-- 小圆点 -->
<ol id="bar">
</ol>
<!-- 左右焦点 -->
<div id="fouse" style="display: none;">
<span id="left">
<
</span>
<span id="right">
>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
//获取元素,方便之后操作
var view = document.getElementById("view");
var banner = document.getElementById("banner");
var fouse = document.getElementById("fouse");
var ulObj = banner.children[0];
var list = ulObj.children;
var olObj = banner.children[1];
var imgWidth = banner.offsetWidth;
var pic = 0;
var left = document.getElementById("left");
var right = document.getElementById("right");
//因为是动态创建小圆点,所以不能写死,用for循环遍历ul,得到图片的个数,然后创建小圆点
for(var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
var liObj = document.createElement("li");
olObj.appendChild(liObj);
liObj.innerText = (i + 1);
//给小圆点动态添加一个index属性
liObj.setAttribute("index", i)
//给小圆点按钮注册onmouseover事件
liObj.onmouseover = function() {
//清空所有样式
for(var j = 0; j < olObj.children.length; j++) {
olObj.children[j].removeAttribute("class");
}
this.className = "current";
pic = this.getAttribute("index");
animate(ulObj,-pic*imgWidth);
}
}
olObj.children[0].className = "current";
//要想实现无缝轮播,要利用视觉差在图片列表最后克隆第一种图片
ulObj.appendChild(ulObj.children[0].cloneNode(true))
var timeId = setInterval(onMouseClickHandle,1000)
view.onmouseover = function() {
//鼠标悬停,显示切换按钮和清除定时器
fouse.style.display = "block"
clearInterval(timeId)
}
view.onmouseout = function() {
//鼠标移开,隐藏切换按钮和开启定时器
timeId = setInterval(onMouseClickHandle,1000)
fouse.style.display = "none"
}
//点击切换下一张
right.onclick = onMouseClickHandle;
//点击切换上一张
left.onclick = function() {
//如果当前是第一张图片
if(pic == 0) {
pic = list.length - 1;
ulObj.style.left = -pic * imgWidth + "px";
}
pic --;
animate(ulObj, - pic * imgWidth);
for(var i = 0;i < olObj.children.length; i++) {
olObj.children[i].removeAttribute("class");
}
olObj.children[pic].className = "current"
}
function onMouseClickHandle () {
//如果是pic的值为5,此时显示第六张图片(内容为第一张),用户会认为看到的是第一张图片,所以当用户点击下一张的时候应该显示第二张图片
if(pic == list.length - 1) {
//如何实现从第六张变到第一张
pic = 0;
ulObj.style.left = 0 + 'px'//让ul的位置回到默认位置
}
pic++//pic++此时pic=1
animate(ulObj, -pic * imgWidth)
if(pic == list.length - 1) {
//清除所有小圆点的样式,设置第一个小圆点为高亮状态
olObj.children[olObj.children.length - 1].className = '';
olObj.children[0].className = "current"
}
else {
for(var i = 0; i < olObj.children.length; i++) {
olObj.children[i].removeAttribute("class");
}
olObj.children[pic].className = "current"
}
}
//封装移动任意元素到指定位置的函数
function animate(elem, target) {
clearInterval(elem.timeId);
elem.timeId = setInterval(function() {
//获取当前元素位置,为数字类型
var current = elem.offsetLeft;
//设置一次移动的距离
var step = 10;
//三目运算符,当不等式成立时,结果为冒号前面的值,反之为冒号后面的值
step = current < target ? step : -step;
current += step;
if(Math.abs(current - target) > Math.abs(step)) {
elem.style.left = current + "px"
}else {
//清除定时器
clearInterval(elem.timeId);
//到达指定位置
elem.style.left = target + "px"
}
},10)
}
</script>
</body>
</html>