oracle中查看执行计划常用的方法


本文介绍了oracle中查看执行计划常用的方法。
1、EXPLAIN PLAN命令
2、AUTOTRACE开关
3、DBMS_XPLAN
4、10046事件

1、EXPLAIN PLAN命令


  1. SQL> explain plan for select * from t where object_id=101151;

  2. Explained.

  3. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

  4. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  5. ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  6. Plan hash value: 470836197

  7. ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  8. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  9. ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  10. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 158 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  11. | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 1 | 158 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  12. |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T_IDX | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  13. ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  14. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

  15. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  16. ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  17.    2 - access("OBJECT_ID"=101151)

==》1、SQL没有被实际执行,所以得到的执行计划可能是不准确的,尤其是包含绑定变量时。

        2、PL/SQL Developer中的F5快捷键就是调用的explain plan命令

       3、因没被实际执行,能快速返回执行计划


2、AUTOTRACE开关

语法: set autotrace

Usage: SET AUTOT[RACE] {OFF | ON | TRACE[ONLY]} [EXP[LAIN]] [STAT[ISTICS]]


示例:


  1. SQL> set autot on
  2. SQL> select object_name from t where object_id=999;

  3. OBJECT_NAME
  4. ------------------------------
  5. INCFIL

  6. Execution Plan
  7. ----------------------------------------------------------
  8. Plan hash value: 1601196873

  9. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  11. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  12. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 30 | 281 (1)| 00:00:04 |
  13. |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 1 | 30 | 281 (1)| 00:00:04 |
  14. --------------------------------------------------------------------------

  15. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
  16. ---------------------------------------------------
  17.    1 - filter("OBJECT_ID"=999)
  18. Statistics
  19. ----------------------------------------------------------
  20.           1 recursive calls
  21.           0 db block gets
  22.        1031 consistent gets
  23.        1027 physical reads
  24.           0 redo size
  25.         533 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
  26.         523 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
  27.           2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
  28.           0 sorts (memory)
  29.           0 sorts (disk)
  30.           1 rows processed

==>  1.该命令在sqlplus中使用。

       2.除了执行计划外,还能看到相关的统计信息。

       3.即使实际被执行获取的执行计划也可能不是正确的。


explain plan,AUTOTRACE无法获取真实执行计划示例:

  1. SQL> var a number;
  2. SQL> var b number;
  3. SQL> exec :a :=0;

  4. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

  5. SQL> exec :b :=70000;

  6. PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
  7. SQL> explain plan for select count(*) from t where object_id between :a and :b;

  8. Explained.

  9. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

  10. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  11. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  12. Plan hash value: 2213771543

  13. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  14. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  15. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  16. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  17. | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | |
  18. |* 2 | FILTER | | | | | |
  19. |* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| T_IDX | 180 | 900 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  20. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  21. 。。。。省略部分
  1. SQL> set autot traceonly
  2. SQL> select count(*) from t where object_id between :a and :b;
  3. Execution Plan
  4. ----------------------------------------------------------
  5. Plan hash value: 2213771543

  6. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  7. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  8. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  9. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  10. | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | |
  11. |* 2 | FILTER | | | | | |
  12. |* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| T_IDX | 180 | 900 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  13. 。。。省略部分

  1. SQL> select count(*) from t where object_id between :a and :b;

  2.   COUNT(*)
  3. ----------
  4.     136544

  5. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

  6. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  7. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  8. SQL_ID 9cgwqzzvtw8wc, child number 0
  9. -------------------------------------
  10.  select count(*) from t where object_id between :a and :b

  11. Plan hash value: 853742775

  12. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  13. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  14. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  15. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 45 (100)| |
  16. | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 5 | | |

  17. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  18. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  19. |* 2 | FILTER | | | | | |
  20. |* 3 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| T_IDX | 50561 | 246K| 45 (0)| 00:00:01 |
。。。省略部分
==》真实的执行计划应该是 INDEX  FAST FULL SCAN

3、DBMS_XPLAN

DBMS_XPLANB包的常用子程序为:

DISPLAY:配合explain plan for 使用

DISPLAY_CURSOR:适用于sqlplus刚刚执行过的sql执行计划,或在存储在shared pool中的执行计划。

DISPLAY_AWR:sql的执行计划从shared pool中aga out后,如果执行计划被采集到awr报告中,那么就可以使用该方法查看执行计划。


示例:


  1. SQL> select status from t where owner=user;
  2. VALID
  3. VALID
  4. VALID
  5. 。。。省略部分

  6. 31206 rows selected.

  7. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

  8. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  9. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10. SQL_ID 7m7b6un3xtss3, child number 0
  11. -------------------------------------
  12. select status from t where owner=user

  13. Plan hash value: 47527108

  14. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  15. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  16. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  17. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 13 (100)| |
  18. | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 2255 | 27060 | 13 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  19. |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | DESC_T_INX | 70 | | 10 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  20. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  21. Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
  22. -------------------------------------------------------------

  23.    1 - SEL$1 / T@SEL$1
  24.    2 - SEL$1 / T@SEL$1

  25. Outline Data
  26. -------------

  27.   /*+
  28.       BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
  29.       IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
  30.       OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')
  31.       DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')
  32.       ALL_ROWS
  33.       OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
  34.       INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$1" "T"@"SEL$1" "DESC_T_INX")
  35.       END_OUTLINE_DATA
  36.   */

  37. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
  38. ---------------------------------------------------

  39.    2 - access("T"."SYS_NC00016$"=SYS_OP_DESCEND(USER@!))
  40.        filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("T"."SYS_NC00016$")=USER@!)

  41. Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
  42. -----------------------------------------------------------

  43.    1 - "STATUS"[VARCHAR2,7]
  44.    2 - "T".ROWID[ROWID,10], "T"."SYS_NC00016$"[RAW,46]

  45. 46 rows selected.

==>1.相比AUTOTRACE开关来说看不到相关的统计信息,而且要等到语句执行完成。但获得的执行计划是真实的

       2.这里format参数为advanced,相比较于参数all,多了Outline Data这部分的信息输出

       3.这里的Rows列值为估计值,要想看到真实值可以将format参数设置为'ALLSTATS LAST'


format参数设置为'ALLSTATS LAST'示例:


  1. SQL> alter session set statistics_level =all;

  2. Session altered.

  3.  SQL> select status from t where owner=user;
  4. VALID
  5. VALID
  6. VALID
  7. 。。。。。省略部分

  8. 31206 rows selected.

  9. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

  10. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  11. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  12. SQL_ID 7m7b6un3xtss3, child number 1
  13. -------------------------------------
  14. select status from t where owner=user

  15. Plan hash value: 47527108

  16. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  17. | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads |
  18. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  19. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 31206 |00:00:00.05 | 5555 | 829 |
  20. | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 1 | 2255 | 31206 |00:00:00.05 | 5555 | 829 |
  21. |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | DESC_T_INX | 1 | 70 | 31206 |00:00:00.02 | 2190 | 114 |
  22. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  23. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
  24. ---------------------------------------------------

  25.    2 - access("T"."SYS_NC00016$"=SYS_OP_DESCEND(USER@!))
  26.        filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("T"."SYS_NC00016$")=USER@!)

==》和advanced参数相比,少了部分输出,但是能够看到每一步获取的实际记录数。


 输入sqlid来查看执行计划示例:


  1. SQL> select sql_text,sql_id,version_count,executions from v$sqlarea where sql_text like 'select status from t where owner=user';

  2. SQL_TEXT SQL_ID VERSION_COUNT EXECUTIONS
  3. ---------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ----------
  4. select status from t where owner=user 7m7b6un3xtss3 2 3

  5. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('7m7b6un3xtss3',0,'advanced'));

  6. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  7. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  8. SQL_ID 7m7b6un3xtss3, child number 0
  9. -------------------------------------
  10. select status from t where owner=user

  11. Plan hash value: 47527108

  12. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  13. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  14. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  15. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 13 (100)| |
  16. | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 2255 | 27060 | 13 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  17. |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | DESC_T_INX | 70 | | 10 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  18. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  19. Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
  20. -------------------------------------------------------------

  21.    1 - SEL$1 / T@SEL$1
  22.    2 - SEL$1 / T@SEL$1

  23. Outline Data
  24. -------------

  25.   /*+
  26.       BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
  27.       IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
  28.       OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')
  29.       DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')
  30.       ALL_ROWS
  31.       OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
  32.       INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$1" "T"@"SEL$1" "DESC_T_INX")
  33.       END_OUTLINE_DATA
  34.   */

  35. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
  36. ---------------------------------------------------

  37.    2 - access("T"."SYS_NC00016$"=SYS_OP_DESCEND(USER@!))
  38.        filter(SYS_OP_UNDESCEND("T"."SYS_NC00016$")=USER@!)

  39. Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
  40. -----------------------------------------------------------

  41.    1 - "STATUS"[VARCHAR2,7]
  42.    2 - "T".ROWID[ROWID,10], "T"."SYS_NC00016$"[RAW,46]

display_awr 示例:


  1. SQL> select sql_text,sql_id,version_count,executions from v$sqlarea where sql_text like 'select status from t where owner=user';

  2. no rows selected

  3. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('7m7b6un3xtss3',0,'advanced'));

  4. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  5. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  6. SQL_ID: 7m7b6un3xtss3, child number: 0 cannot be found


  7. SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_awr('7m7b6un3xtss3'));

  8. PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  9. -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  10. SQL_ID 7m7b6un3xtss3
  11. --------------------
  12. select status from t where owner=user

  13. Plan hash value: 47527108

  14. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  15. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  16. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  17. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 13 (100)| |
  18. | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 2255 | 27060 | 13 (0)| 00:00:01 |
  19. | 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | DESC_T_INX | 70 | | 10 (0)| 00:00:01 |

==>1、相同的执行计划也可以通过@?/rdbms/admin/awrsqrpt 命令获取。


4、10046方式


  1. SQL> alter session set tracefile_identifier=plan_10046;

  2. Session altered.

  3. SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';

  4. Session altered.

  5.  SQL> select status from t where owner=user;
  6. VALID
  7. VALID
  8. VALID
  9. 。。。省略部分

  10. 31206 rows selected.

  11. SQL>
  12. SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

  13. Session altered.

==>可以根据diagnostic_dest 参数找到plan_10046的文件。


使用tkprof进行输出:


  1. [ora11@ora12c ~]$ tkprof /ora11_10/ora11/diag/rdbms/ora11/ora11/trace/ora11_ora_26758_PLAN_10046.trc PLAN_10046.trc

  2. TKPROF: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Development on Tue Aug 15 21:14:49 2017

  3. Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


  4. SQL ID: 57fcnar0x2buq
  5. Plan Hash: 47527108
  6. select status
  7. from
  8.  t where owner=user

  9. call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
  10. ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  11. Parse 1 0.00 0.00 11 57 0 0
  12. Execute 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  13. Fetch 2082 0.13 0.13 1007 5555 0 31206
  14. ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  15. total 2084 0.14 0.13 1018 5612 0 31206

  16. Misses in library cache during parse: 1
  17. Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
  18. Parsing user id: SYS

  19. Rows Row Source Operation
  20. ------- ---------------------------------------------------
  21.   31206 TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T (cr=5555 pr=1007 pw=0 time=76792 us cost=13 size=27060 card=2255)
  22.   31206 INDEX RANGE SCAN DESC_T_INX (cr=2190 pr=114 pw=0 time=29158 us cost=10 size=0 card=70)(object id 99885)










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转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/25923810/viewspace-2144083/

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