一、keepalived 介绍
浅析keepalived vip漂移原理与VRRP协议
二、实验环境
mysql master : 192.168.111.52
mysql slave : 192.168.111.53
keepalived vip : 192.168.111.60
三、搭建过程
1. mysql双主的构建
① 互相 change master 即可,此处省略该过程,着重讲下keepalived
2. keepalived相关
① yum -y install keepalived 安装keepalived
② root@192.168.111.52:~# keepalived -v
Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)
![fj.png](/image/default/fj.png)
二、实验环境
mysql master : 192.168.111.52
mysql slave : 192.168.111.53
keepalived vip : 192.168.111.60
三、搭建过程
1. mysql双主的构建
① 互相 change master 即可,此处省略该过程,着重讲下keepalived
2. keepalived相关
① yum -y install keepalived 安装keepalived
② root@192.168.111.52:~# keepalived -v
Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)
③ 编辑 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
3. 故障模拟
① 启动 keepalived
ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上
② 关闭 111.52上面的mysql
ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.53(master
)
上
③ 启动111.52上面的mysql
ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master
)
上
,也就是说111.52会持续通过track_script的脚本检查 ,若成功的话会恢复原来的优先级100 ,便把vip抢过来了(若不希望优先级高的直接上来直接抢占vip的话 需要再instance 里面配置
nopreem
pt ,backup无需设置)
四 、虚拟server
以上是实验是通过 vrrp_script以及trace_script 实现优先级变换来实现故障转移的,现在看下 通过虚拟server怎么实现mysql的高可用
① 配置
②启动keepalived
此时 ip a 命令可以查看虚拟ip 111.60 在111.52(master) 上
③关闭 111.52上的mysql
此时 ip a 命令可以看到虚拟ip 111.60在111.53(新master)上
以上
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
-
- global_defs {##全局配置
- notification_email {
- horand_gc@163.com #####邮件接收者
- }
- notification_email_from dba@163.com #####邮件发送者
- smtp_server smtp.163.com #####SMTP服务器
- smtp_connect_timeout 30
- router_id haMySQL #####routerID 同一组keepalived设置为相同
- }
-
- vrrp_script chk_mysql {##健康检测相关配置
- script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" #####设置脚本 或者直命令 返回 0 则表示成功 >0 则表示失败, 详情可以后面的脚本内容
- interval 1 #####检测间隔
- weight 2 #####检测返回失败之后优先级会减少 2 (如果 master优先级100 , slave 优先级 99 ,master检测失败则优先级为100-2 < 99 ,则slave会提升为主)
- }
-
- vrrp_instance VI_1 {
- state MASTER ##### 设为master
- interface eth1 ##### 网卡设定
- virtual_router_id 51 ##### 针对该 instance的虚拟id , 同一组 instance设置相同
- priority 100 ##### 优先级设定
- advert_int 1 ##### 检测时间间隔
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS ##### 同一组instance之间的认证方式为 PASS ,pass 为7777 ,必须相同(防止 有用户恶意伪造 vrrp)
- auth_pass 7777
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.111.60 ##### 设置虚拟ip ,可以设置多个
- }
-
- track_script {
- chk_mysql ##### 表示该instance 使用chk_mysql进行相关检测
- }
- ##### 以下配置 在该实例 转换为 master,slave,或者出错的时候执行的脚本(可以设置邮件通知,或者处理一些其他问题)
- # notify_master "/etc/keepalived/change_master.sh"
- # notify_slave "/etc/keepalived/change_slave.sh"
- # notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/change_fault.sh"
- }
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
-
- global_defs {
- notification_email {
- horand_gc@163.com
- }
- notification_email_from dba@163.com
- smtp_server smtp.163.com
- smtp_connect_timeout 30
- router_id haMySQL
- }
-
- vrrp_script chk_mysql {
- script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
- interval 1
- weight 2
- }
-
- vrrp_instance VI_1 {
- state BACKUP ##### 该主机作为备机 BACKUP
- interface eth1
- virtual_router_id 51
- priority 99 ##### 优先级设置 小于 master
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS
- auth_pass 7777
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.111.60
- }
-
- track_script {
- chk_mysql
- }
- }
-
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat chk_mysql.sh
- #!/bin/bash
-
- num=`ps -ef |grep mysqld | grep -v grep | wc -l` ##### 查看mysqld进程数量 , 正常情况有一个root起的mysqld_safe守护进程,还有一个属于mysql用户的mysqld进程
- [[ $num -eq 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1
① 启动 keepalived
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tail /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
- Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
- Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Configuration is using : 7417 Bytes
- Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
- Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Configuration is using : 65552 Bytes
- Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
- Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Apr 29 13:45:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Configuration is using : 65550 Bytes
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Configuration is using : 7415 Bytes
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
② 关闭 111.52上面的mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 14:19:30 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) failed
- Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
- Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 14:19:55 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
- Apr 29 14:19:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Apr 29 14:19:57 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
③ 启动111.52上面的mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqld_safe & ; tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 14:24:21 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
- Apr 29 14:24:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
- Apr 29 14:24:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Apr 29 14:24:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
- Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
四 、虚拟server
以上是实验是通过 vrrp_script以及trace_script 实现优先级变换来实现故障转移的,现在看下 通过虚拟server怎么实现mysql的高可用
① 配置
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
-
- global_defs {
- notification_email {
- tab@taomee.com
- }
- notification_email_from dba@taomee.com
- smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com
- smtp_connect_timeout 30
- router_id haMySQL
- }
-
- vrrp_script chk_mysql {
- script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
- interval 1
- weight 2
- }
-
- vrrp_instance VI_1 {
- state MASTER
- interface eth1
- virtual_router_id 51
- priority 100
- nopreempt
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS
- auth_pass 7777
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.111.60
- }
-
- # track_script {
- # chk_mysql
- # }
- }
-
- virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {
- delay_loop 6
- persistence_timeout 300
- protocol TCP
-
-
- real_server 192.168.111.52 3306 {
- weight 1
- notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh
- TCP_CHECK {
- tcp_port 3306
- connect_timeout 3
- }
- }
-
- }
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
-
- global_defs {
- notification_email {
- tab@taomee.com
- }
- notification_email_from dba@taomee.com
- smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com
- smtp_connect_timeout 30
- router_id haMySQL
- }
-
- vrrp_script chk_mysql {
- script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
- interval 1
- weight 2
- }
-
- vrrp_instance VI_1 {
- state BACKUP
- interface eth1
- virtual_router_id 51
- priority 99
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS
- auth_pass 7777
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.111.60
- }
-
- # track_script { #########这里先注释掉 通过追踪脚本的检查
- # chk_mysql
- # }
- }
-
- virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {
- delay_loop 6
- persistence_timeout 300
- protocol TCP
-
-
- real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务
- weight 1 #### 权重,用来多真实服务 均衡使用
- notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh ####在检查该服务不可用时执行该脚本(用来杀死 keepalived 实现 vip 飘逸)
- TCP_CHECK {
- tcp_port 3306 #### 检查端口 继承 real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务
- connect_timeout 3 #### tcp超时时间
- }
- }
-
- }
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- killall keepalived
-
②启动keepalived
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# keepalived
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Configuration is using : 64590 Bytes
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Scheduler not found
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Service not defined
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.52]:3306
- Apr 29 14:48:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Apr 29 14:48:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# keepalived
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Configuration is using : 11673 Bytes
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Configuration is using : 64568 Bytes
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Scheduler not found
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Service not defined
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.53]:3306
③关闭 111.52上的mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown
- 2017-04-29T07:07:38.121123Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/mysqld.pid ended
- [1]+ Done mysqld_safe
- root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: TCP connection to [192.168.111.52]:3306 failed !!!
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Removing service [192.168.111.52]:3306 from VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: Service not defined
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Executing [/etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh] for service [192.168.111.52]:3306 in VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 > 0 for VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Remote SMTP server [0.0.0.0]:25 connected.
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived[23404]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: No such service
- Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23406]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
-
- root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
- Apr 29 15:07:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Apr 29 15:07:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
以上
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