ORACLE的表分析策略[转]
对表进行分析，通常情况下可以对表，索引，列进行单独分析，或者进行组合分析，但这三者哪些是相对重要的，哪些分析显得不那么重要？通过本篇文章的实验相信大家也会对直方图有更一步的了解.
1.首先创建测试表,并插入100000条数据
SQL> create table test(id number,nick varchar2(30));
Table created.
SQL> begin
2 for i in 1..100000 loop
3 insert into test(id) values(i);
4 end loop;
5 commit;
6 end;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
更新nick字段，使数据发生严重倾斜
SQL> update test set nick='abc' where rownum<99999;
99998 rows updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> create index idx_test_nick on test(nick);
Index created.
SQL> update test set nick='def' where nick is null;
2 rows updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
--只对索引进行分析
SQL> analyze index idx_test_nick compute statistics;
Index analyzed.
SQL> select index_name,LEAF_BLOCKS,DISTINCT_KEYS,NUM_ROWS from user_indexes where index_name='IDX_TEST_NICK';
INDEX_NAME LEAF_BLOCKS DISTINCT_KEYS NUM_ROWS
------------------------------ ----------- ------------- ----------
IDX_TEST_NICK 210 2 100000
SQL> select COLUMN_NAME,NUM_BUCKETS,num_distinct from USER_tab_columns where table_name='TEST';
COLUMN_NAME NUM_BUCKETS NUM_DISTINCT
------------------------------ ----------- ------------
ID
NICK
查看只分析索引的情况下的执行计划,从执行计划可以看出，优化器选择RBO，都走索引
SQL> set autotrace trace exp
SQL> select * from test where nick ='abc';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST'
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_NICK' (NON-UNIQUE)
SQL> select * from test where nick ='def';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST'
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_NICK' (NON-UNIQUE)
分析有数据严重倾斜的nick列后,也没有产生正确的执行计划,此时使用的优化器仍然是RBO
通过此实验，说明只分析索引和列，ORACLE不会使用CBO的优化器
SQL> analyze table test compute statistics for columns size 2 nick;
Table analyzed.
SQL> select * from test where nick ='abc';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST'
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_NICK' (NON-UNIQUE)
SQL> select * from test where nick ='def';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST'
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_NICK' (NON-UNIQUE)
现在分析表后,产生了正确的执行计划
SQL> analyze table test compute statistics for table;
Table analyzed.
SQL> select * from test where nick ='abc';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=50 Card=99998 Bytes=
1499970)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'TEST' (Cost=50 Card=99998 Bytes=14
99970)
SQL> select * from test where nick ='def';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=2 Bytes=30)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST' (Cost=1 Card=2 Byt
es=30)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_NICK' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost
=1 Card=2)
删除所有的统计数据，并只对表与列进行分析，不分析索引，ORACLE使用CBO的优化器，并产生了正确的执行计划
SQL> analyze table test delete statistics;
Table analyzed.
SQL> analyze table test compute statistics for table for columns size 2 nick;
Table analyzed.
SQL> select * from test where nick ='abc';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=50 Card=99998 Bytes=
1499970)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'TEST' (Cost=50 Card=99998 Bytes=14
99970)
SQL> select * from test where nick ='def';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=2 Bytes=30)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST' (Cost=1 Card=2 Byt
es=30)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_NICK' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost
=1 Card=2)
创建TEST表ID列上的索引，但不对索引进行分析
SQL> create index idx_test_id on test(id);
Index created.
SQL> select * from test where id=1;
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1000 Bytes=15
000)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST' (Cost=1 Card=1000
Bytes=15000)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_ID' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=1
Card=400)
当条件中即有id，又有nick时，因为nick上有直方图,ORACLE知道nick='abc'的值特别的多，所以不走IDX_TEST_NICK索引,走IDX_TEST_ID上的索引
SQL> select * from test where id=5 and nick='abc';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1000 Bytes=15
000)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST' (Cost=1 Card=1000
Bytes=15000)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_ID' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=1
Card=400)
当条件中即有id，又有nick时，因为nick上有直方图,ORACLE知道nick='def'的值特别的少，所以走IDX_TEST_NICK上的索引,不走IDX_TEST_ID索引
SQL> select * from test where id=5 and nick='def';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=15)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST' (Cost=1 Card=1 Byt
es=15)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_NICK' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost
=1 Card=2)
在分析ID列后，ORACLE发现ID列的选择度更高，所以不再选择IDX_TEST_NICK索引，而是选择IDX_TEST_ID
SQL> analyze table test compute statistics for columns size 1 id;
Table analyzed.
SQL> select * from test where id=5 and nick='def';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=7)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST' (Cost=1 Card=1 Byt
es=7)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_TEST_ID' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=1
Card=1)
下面来看另外一种情况，我们删除所有的统计数据，然后在ID列上创建唯一索引,在此条件下，只分析表与分析列nick,我们看到ORACLE走了正 确的执行计划，走了UK_TEST_ID,其实从这里也给我们带来很多的启示：在主键与唯一键约束的列上是否需要直方图的问题?如果在这些列上有像这样的 查询where id > 100 and id < 1000,我们还是需要有直方图的，但除此之外，好像真的没有直方图的必要了!
SQL> analyze table test delete statistics;
Table analyzed.
SQL> drop index idx_test_id;
Index dropped.
SQL> create unique index uk_test_id on test(id);
Index created.
SQL> analyze table test compute statistics for table for columns size 2 nick;
Table analyzed.
SQL> select * from test where id=5 and nick='def';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=15)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'TEST' (Cost=1 Card=1 Byt
es=15)
2 1 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'UK_TEST_ID' (UNIQUE) (Cost=1 Car
d=1)
从以上一系列的实验可以看出，对ORACLE的优化器CBO来说，表的分析与列的分析才是最重要的，索引的分析次之。还有我们可以考虑我们的哪些列 上需要直方图，对于bucket的个数问题,oracle的默认值是75个，所以根据你的应用规则，选择合适的桶数对性能也是有帮助的。因为不必要的桶的 个数的大量增加，必然会带来SQL语句硬解析时产生执行计划的复杂度问题。
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/312949/viewspace-732269/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/312949/viewspace-732269/
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