在安装mysql前需要对服务器的环境做一些配置：
1、主机名解析，/etc/hosts配置；
2、JDK环境变量配置；
3、Mysql5.7.24的安装；
一、环境
操作系统：Centos7.4
Mysql数据库：mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64.tar
JDK：jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
首先需要将Mysql软件和JDK都上传到服务器上。
1、配置主机名解析
vi /etc/hosts
主机名 IP地址
例如：
主机名 IP地址
test 192.168.1.10
2、JDK环境配置
通常我将软件解压后放在/usr/java目录下，java文件夹需要自己创建：
mkdir /usr/java
然后解压 jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz 到 /usr/java目录
tar -xzf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java
设置环境变量/etc/profile文件里：
vi /etc/profile
按 i 键进入编辑模式。
在 /etc/profile 文件中添加以下信息：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib:$CLASSPATH
export JAVA_PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin
export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_PATH}
按 Esc 键退出编辑模式，输入 :wq 保存并关闭文件。
加载环境变量使之生效：source /etc/profile
查看 jdk 版本。当出现 jdk 版本信息时，表示 JDK 已经安装成功。
#java -version
java version "1.8.0_141"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_141-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.141-b15, mixed mode)
二、安装mysql
1、在安装mysql前，创建mysql用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
2、然后解压缩 mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64.tar，会生成mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64文件夹，使用mv命令将其名字改为mysql，并放到/usr/local/目录下。
mv mysql-5.7.24-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
3、建立data目录，进入到/usr/local/mysql/目录，创建data目录
mkdir data
4、修改mysql属主
使用chown命令mysql的属主,进入/usr/local目录，执行下面命令
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
5、对mysql进行初始化
首先进入/usr/local/mysql/bin目录，执行下面语句
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
执行完毕后如下：
[root@YQHDB2 bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
2019-02-01T08:56:56.506838Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-02-01T08:56:56.856781Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-02-01T08:56:56.913915Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-02-01T08:56:56.973956Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 541f5848-25ff-11e9-800d-000c297c0daa.
2019-02-01T08:56:56.975026Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-02-01T08:56:56.976563Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fhDQ&DYMn7IW
最后一行的冒号之后，是自动生成的登陆密码，一定要记住，后面会登陆数据库进行修改密码；
6、 从support-files目录复制mysql.server文件到/etc/init.d/目录，并改名为mysqld，尝试启动mysqld服务
进入/usr/local/mysql/support-files目录，cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/ mysqld，然后使用下面命令启动mysqld服务：
service mysqld start
7、修改数据库密码
登陆数据库修改密码：
./mysql -u root -p
输入上面初始化时给的密码，使用set password=password('你的密码')进行修改，修改完后，可使用新密码进行登陆。
部署过程中遇到的问题处理：
1、如果想再次初始化，需要将data文件夹里的内容使用rm -rf * 命令全部删除，然后再初始化；
2、mysqld文件里包含了软件安装目录和数据目录，这里软件目录为 basedir=/usr/local/mysql ，数据目录为datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data，可以根据自己的喜好进行调整；
3、所有的错误信息保存在data目录下，以err为后缀的文件里；
4、[ERROR] Could not create unix socket lock file /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock.lock.
[ERROR] Unable to setup unix socket lock file.
需要将 /var/lib/目录下的mysql的属主改为mysql，如果没有mysql目录需要创建
5、关于my.cnf文件在5.7里没有，这里给大家提供一个比较原始的，为5.5环境下的，具体内容如下：
vi /etc/my.cnf
[root@YQHDB2 support-files]# vi /etc/my.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
# MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
# where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
# <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host = <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user = <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
只需将上面的内容复制到my.cnf文件即可，具体需要什么参数，可通过网上查找；
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/30100210/viewspace-2565374/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/30100210/viewspace-2565374/
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