这里给出这种实现这种跨库的可更新的物化视图的方法。要求在secdb数据库实例上创建可更新的物化视图mv_t,物化视图对应的基表数据存放在另外一套数据库实例secgc中。
1.首先在secgc数据库实例上创建基表T
secdb@secdb1 /home/oracle$ export ORACLE_SID=secgc
secgc@secdb1 /home/oracle$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 20 20:24:43 2011
Copyright (c) 1982,2005,Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database10gEnterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP andDataMining options
SQL> create user user_secgc identified by user_secgc;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to user_secgc;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn user_secgc/user_secgc
Connected.
SQL> create table t (x varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into t values ('secooler');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from t;
X
----------
secooler
2.在T表所在实例secgc上创建物化视图日志
SQL> creatematerializedviewlog on t with rowid;
Materialized view log created.
3.在物化视图所在实例secdb上创建database link
secgc@secdb1 /home/oracle$ export ORACLE_SID=secdb
1)调整global_names参数为FALSE
此 步骤是为了防止在使用database link时报ORA-02085错误。关于ORA-02085错误请参考文章《【DBLINK】“ORA-02085: database link %s connects to %s”故障排查及处理策略两则》(http://space.itpub.net/519536/viewspace-695851)。
secdb@secdb1 /home/oracle$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 20 20:31:06 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> show parameter global_names
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------
global_names boolean TRUE
SQL> alter system set global_names=FALSE;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter global_names
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -------------
global_names boolean FALSE
2)创建连接到secgc实例的database link
(1)在本地secdb实例上创建到secgc实例的连接串
secdb@secdb1 /home/oracle$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
SECGC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = secdb1)(port = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = secgc)
)
)
(2)创建database link
SQL> create public database link dblink_to_secgc connect to user_secgc identified by user_secgc using 'SECGC';
Database link created.
4.在secdb实例上用户user_secdb下创建物化视图
SQL> create user user_secdb identified by user_secdb;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to user_secdb;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn user_secdb/user_secdb
Connected.
SQL> create materialized view mv_t refresh fast with rowid as select * from t@dblink_to_secgc;
Materialized view created.
5.对物化视图进行快速刷新和完全刷新
1)快速刷新方法
SQL> exec dbms_mview.refresh('mv_t','f');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
2)完全刷新方法
SQL> exec dbms_mview.refresh('mv_t','c');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
6.测试物化视图刷新效果
1)在基表T中插入一条数据
secdb@secdb1 /home/oracle$ export ORACLE_SID=secgc
secgc@secdb1 /home/oracle$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 20 21:09:03 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> conn user_secgc/user_secgc
Connected.
SQL> select * from t;
X
----------
secooler
SQL> insert into t values ('Andy');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from t;
X
----------
secooler
Andy
2)对物化视图进行快速刷新(或完全刷新)前数据
SQL> select * from mv_t;
X
----------
secooler
3)对物化视图进行快速刷新(或完全刷新)后数据
SQL> exec dbms_mview.refresh('mv_t','f');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from mv_t;
X
----------
secooler
Andy
物化视图创建成功。
7.小结
通过一系列配置,我们便实现了跨库可更新物化视图。这里我们使用Database Link技术达到了“跨库”这个目的。
Good luck.
secooler
11.05.20
-- The End --
create materialized view [view_name]
refresh [fast|complete|force]
[
on [commit|demand] |
start with (start_time) next (next_time)
]
as
{创建物化视图用的查询语句}
具体实例如下:
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW an_user_base_file_no_charge
REFRESH COMPLETE START WITH SYSDATE
NEXT TRUNC(SYSDATE+29)+5.5/24 --红色部分表示从指定的时间开始,每隔一段时间(由next指定)就刷新一次
AS
select distinct user_no
from cw_arrearage t
where (t.mon = dbms_tianjin.getLastMonth or
t.mon = add_months(dbms_tianjin.getLastMonth, -1))
删除物化视图:
drop materialized view an_user_base_file_no_charge;
以上是Oracle创建物化视图(Materialized View,以下简称MV)时的常用语法,各参数的含义如下:
1.refresh [fast|complete|force] 视图刷新的方式:
fast: 增量刷新.假设前一次刷新的时间为t1,那么使用fast模式刷新物化视图时,只向视图中添加t1到当前时间段内,主表变化过的数据.为了记录这种变化, 建立增量刷新物化视图还需要一个物化视图日志表。create materialized view log on (主表名)。
complete:全部刷新。相当于重新执行一次创建视图的查询语句。
force: 这是默认的数据刷新方式。当可以使用fast模式时,数据刷新将采用fast方式;否则使用complete方式。
2.MV数据刷新的时间:
on demand:在用户需要刷新的时候刷新,这里就要求用户自己动手去刷新数据了(也可以使用job定时刷新)
on commit:当主表中有数据提交的时候,立即刷新MV中的数据;
start ……:从指定的时间开始,每隔一段时间(由next指定)就刷新一次;
手动刷新物化视图:
begin
dbms_mview.refresh(TAB=>'an_user_base_file_no_charge',
METHOD=>'COMPLETE',
PARALLELISM=>8); --PARALLELISM并行控制参数
end;
/
增量刷新就不需要使用什么并行了,通常情况下,是没有那个必要的。
begin
dbms_mview.refresh(TAB=>'an_user_base_file_no_charge',
METHOD=>'FAST',
PARALLELISM=>1);
end;
/
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