创建控制文件副本出现错误ORA-00205: error in identifying control file

测试环境：OEL6.5+Oracle 11g R2

    在做多路复用控制文件的实验时，创建控制文件总是会报错误：ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
下面是当时的操作过程：

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1. SYS@ORCL> show parameter control_files;
   
2. 
   
3. NAME                 TYPE     VALUE
   
4. ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
   
5. control_files             string     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/c
   
6.                          ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
   
7.                          fast_recovery_area/ORCL/contro
   
8.                          l02.ctl
   
9. SYS@ORCL> shutdown immediate;
   
10. Database closed.
    
11. Database dismounted.
    
12. ORACLE instance shut down.
    
13. SYS@ORCL> ! cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl
    
14. 
    
15. SYS@ORCL> startup nomount;
    
16. ORACLE instance started.
    
17. 
    
18. Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
    
19. Fixed Size         2253784 bytes
    
20. Variable Size         1006636072 bytes
    
21. Database Buffers     637534208 bytes
    
22. Redo Buffers         7094272 bytes
    
23. SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;
    
24. 
    
25. System altered.
    
26. 
    
27. SYS@ORCL> startup force;
    
28. ORACLE instance started.
    
29. 
    
30. Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
    
31. Fixed Size         2253784 bytes
    
32. Variable Size         1006636072 bytes
    
33. Database Buffers     637534208 bytes
    
34. Redo Buffers         7094272 bytes
    
35. ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

    看上去似乎没有错误，于是开始查看alert日志，在日志中看到的 内容如下：

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1. Mon Feb 01 23:44:54 2016
2. ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
3. ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
4. ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl'
5. ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
6. Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
7. Additional information: 3
8. ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...

    根据提示来看是说文件或路径不存在，而且是在数据库从nomount阶段启动到mount阶段的过程中遇到了文件或路径不存在的错误，而从nomount转换到mount阶段，是实例根据参数文件中的control_files来定位控制文件的，这样一来可以定位错误就在下面的语句当中：

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1. SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;

    可是上面明明提示这据SQL更改成功了，为什么会出错呢？思来想去可能问题出在后面的参数值的格式上，于是将这句SQL改为：

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1. SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl','/home/oracle/control03.ctl' scope=spfile;
   
2. 
   
3. System altered.
   
4. 
   
5. SYS@ORCL> startup force;
   
6. ORACLE instance started.
   
7. 
   
8. Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
   
9. Fixed Size         2253784 bytes
   
10. Variable Size         1006636072 bytes
    
11. Database Buffers     637534208 bytes
    
12. Redo Buffers         7094272 bytes
    
13. Database mounted.
    
14. Database opened.
    
15. SYS@ORCL> show parameter control_files;
    
16. 
    
17. NAME                 TYPE     VALUE
    
18. ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    
19. control_files             string     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/c
    
20.                          ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
    
21.                          fast_recovery_area/ORCL/contro
    
22.                          l02.ctl, /home/oracle/control0
    
23.                          3.ctl

    果然是格式的问题，那么将单引号改为双引号会怎样？

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1. SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files="/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl","/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl","/home/oracle/control03.ctl" scope=spfile;
   
2. 
   
3. System altered.
   
4. 
   
5. SYS@ORCL> startup force;
   
6. ORACLE instance started.
   
7. 
   
8. Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
   
9. Fixed Size         2253784 bytes
   
10. Variable Size         1006636072 bytes
    
11. Database Buffers     637534208 bytes
    
12. Redo Buffers         7094272 bytes
    
13. Database mounted.
    
14. Database opened.
    
15. SYS@ORCL> show parameter control_files;
    
16. 
    
17. NAME                 TYPE     VALUE
    
18. ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
    
19. control_files             string     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/c
    
20.                          ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
    
21.                          fast_recovery_area/ORCL/contro
    
22.                          l02.ctl, /home/oracle/control0
    
23.                          3.ctl

    也能成功，在此处的control_files参数是单引号和双引号之间没有区别。那么把失败的情况换成双引号结果会怎样？

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1. SYS@ORCL> alter system set control_files="/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/control02.ctl /home/oracle/control03.ctl" scope=spfile;
   
2. 
   
3. System altered.
   
4. 
   
5. SYS@ORCL> startup force;
   
6. ORACLE instance started.
   
7. 
   
8. Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
   
9. Fixed Size         2253784 bytes
   
10. Variable Size         1006636072 bytes
    
11. Database Buffers     637534208 bytes
    
12. Redo Buffers         7094272 bytes
    
13. ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

    同样还是失败， 也就是说，在修改此参数时，一个单/双 引号里的内容均会被认为是一个完整的路径，要想指定多个路径，必须以单/双引号分别指定路径，路径之间以逗号隔开，当然，全部是西文字符。

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