checkpoint_flush_after参数,官方解释是:
Whenever more than checkpoint_flush_after bytes have been written while performing a checkpoint, attempt to force the OS to issue these writes to the underlying storage. Doing so will limit the amount of dirty data in the kernel’s page cache, reducing the likelihood of stalls when an fsync is issued at the end of the checkpoint, or when the OS writes data back in larger batches in the background. Often that will result in greatly reduced transaction latency, but there also are some cases, especially with workloads that are bigger than shared_buffers, but smaller than the OS’s page cache, where performance might degrade. This setting may have no effect on some platforms. The valid range is between 0, which disables forced writeback, and 2MB. The default is 256kB on Linux, 0 elsewhere. (If BLCKSZ is not 8kB, the default and maximum values scale proportionally to it.) This parameter can only be set in the postgresql.conf file or on the server command line.
在CentOS 7.x下使用sysbench测试,尝试0/256kB/2MB,只有可以忽略不计的细微区别.
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checkpoint_flush_after = 2MB
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SQL statistics:
queries performed:
read: 107367
write: 111268
other: 16840
total: 235475
transactions: 8419 (84.16 per sec.)
queries: 235475 (2353.96 per sec.)
ignored errors: 43 (0.43 per sec.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
Throughput:
events/s (eps): 84.1616
time elapsed: 100.0337s
total number of events: 8419
Latency (ms):
min: 2.56
avg: 23.76
max: 311.66
95th percentile: 62.19
sum: 200002.13
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 4209.5000/48.50
execution time (avg/stddev): 100.0011/0.00
-------------------------------------
checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB
-------------------------------------
SQL statistics:
queries performed:
read: 110021
write: 114168
other: 17072
total: 241261
transactions: 8535 (85.31 per sec.)
queries: 241261 (2411.50 per sec.)
ignored errors: 29 (0.29 per sec.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
Throughput:
events/s (eps): 85.3106
time elapsed: 100.0462s
total number of events: 8535
Latency (ms):
min: 2.62
avg: 23.43
max: 260.37
95th percentile: 61.08
sum: 200017.57
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 4267.5000/37.50
execution time (avg/stddev): 100.0088/0.02
-------------------------------------
checkpoint_flush_after = 0
-------------------------------------
SQL statistics:
queries performed:
read: 111431
write: 115279
other: 17380
total: 244090
transactions: 8689 (86.86 per sec.)
queries: 244090 (2440.19 per sec.)
ignored errors: 42 (0.42 per sec.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
Throughput:
events/s (eps): 86.8646
time elapsed: 100.0293s
total number of events: 8689
Latency (ms):
min: 2.60
avg: 23.02
max: 213.39
95th percentile: 59.99
sum: 199980.96
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 4344.5000/16.50
execution time (avg/stddev): 99.9905/0.00
参考资料
PG doc
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