将 Win32 C/C++ 应用程序迁移到 POWER 上的 Linux，第 3 部分: 信号

 

http://blog.csdn.net/j6915819/article/details/17220029

信号

信号是包含有一个正数的资源。信号允许进程通过一个单一的原子操作来测试和设置那个整数的值，以此实现同步。通常，信号的主要用途是同步某个线程与其他线程的动作。在多个进程竞争访问同一操作系统资源时，这也是协调或者同步那些行为的一种实用技术。

Linux 支持 Portable Operating System Interface（POSIX）信号以及 pthread 条件变量，以此来映射 Win32 信号 API。它们各有其优缺点。您应该基于应用程序的逻辑来判断使用哪种方法。在映射事件信号的过程中需要考虑的方面包括：

• 信号的类型：Win32 既支持有名称的事件信号，也支持无名称的事件信号。有名称的信号是在多个进程间共享的。Linux 不支持这种方案。本文中列出的一个进程间通信（Inter-Process Communication，IPC）消息队列示例代码将向您展示如何来解决此问题。
• 初始状态：在 Win32 中，信号可能会有初始值。在 Linux 中，POSIX 信号支持此功能，但 pthreads 不支持。在使用 pthreads 时您需要考虑到这一点。
• 超时：Win32 事件信号支持定时等待。在 Linux 中，POSIX 信号实现只支持不确定的等待（阻塞）。pthreads 实现既支持阻塞也支持超时。pthread_cond_timedwait() 调用能给出等待期间的超时的值，pthread_cond_wait() 则用于不确定的等待。
• 发信号：在 Win32 中，发出信号会唤醒等待那个信号的所有线程。在 Linux 中，POSIX 线程实现一次只唤醒一个线程。pthreads 实现的 pthread_cond_signal() 调用会唤醒一个线程，pthread_cond_broadcast() 调用会向所有等待那个信号的线程发出信号。

表 1. 信号映射表

Win32	pthread Linux	POSIX
CreateSemaphore	pthread_mutex_init(&(token)->mutex, NULL)) pthread_cond_init(&(token)->condition, NULL))	sem_init
CloseHandle (semHandle)	pthread_mutex_destroy(&(token->mutex)) pthread_cond_destroy(&(token->condition))	sem_destroy
ReleaseSemaphore(semHandle, 1, NULL)	pthread_cond_signal(&(token->condition))	sem_post
WaitForSingleObject(semHandle,  INFINITE) WaitForSingleObject(semHandle,  timelimit)	pthread_cond_wait(&(token->condition),  &(token->mutex)) pthread_cond_timedwait(&(token ->condition), &(token->mutex))	sem_wait sem_trywait

 

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条件变量

条件变量让开发者能够实现一个条件，在这个条件下线程执行然后被阻塞。Microsoft® Win32 接口本身不支持条件变量。为解决此缺憾，我使用 POSIX 条件变量模拟同步原语，并在一系列文章中对此进行了概述。在 Linux 中，它可以确保因某条件被阻塞的线程，当那个条件改变时，会被解除阻塞。它还允许您原子地（atomically）解除互斥的锁定，并等待条件变量，而不 会有干涉其他线程的可能。不过，每个条件变量都应该伴有一个互斥。前面的表 1 给出了用于线程间同步的 pthread 条件变量。

 

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创建信号

在 Win32 中，CreateSemaphore 函数可以创建一个有名称的或者无名称的信号对象。Linux 不支持有名称的信号。

清单 1. 创建信号

HANDLE CreateSemaphore ( LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSemaphoreAttributes, LONG lInitialCount, LONG lMaximunCount, LPCTSTR lpName );

在 Linux 中，sem_init() 调用会创建一个 POSIX 信号：

清单 2. POSIX 信号

int sem_init(sem_t *sem, int pshared, unsigned int value

Linux 使用 pthread_condition_init 调用在当前进程内创建信号对象，在其中维持一个在零与最大值之间的计数值。每次有某个线程完成对信号的等待，这个计数值会减小，而每次当某个线程释放这个信号时，计数值增加。当计数值成为零时，信号对象的状态成为 non-signaled。

清单 3. 创建信号对象的 pthread_condition_init 调用

int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const pthread_condattr_t *attr);

清单 4. Win32 示例代码

HANDLE semHandle; semHandle = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 256000, NULL); /* Default security descriptor */ if( semHandle == (HANDLE) NULL) /* Semaphore object without a name */ { return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED; }

清单 5. 相应的 Linux 代码

typedef struct { pthread_mutex_t mutex; pthread_cond_t condition; int semCount; }sem_private_struct, *sem_private; sem_private token; token = (sem_private) malloc(sizeof(sem_private_struct)); if(rc = pthread_mutex_init(&(token->mutex), NULL)) { free(token); return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED; } if(rc = pthread_cond_init(&(token->condition), NULL)) { pthread_mutex_destroy( &(token->mutex) ); free(token); return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED; } token->semCount = 0;

 

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销毁事件信号

Win32 使用 CloseHandle 来删除由 CreateSemaphore 所创建的信号对象。

清单 6. 销毁事件信号

BOOL CloseHandle (HANDLE hObject);

Linux POSIX 信号使用 sem_destroy() 来销毁无名称的信号。

清单 7. sem_destroy() 

int sem_destroy(sem_t *sem);

在 Linux pthreads 中，使用 pthread_cond_destroy() 来销毁条件变量。

清单 8. pthread_cond_destroy() 

int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);

清单 9. Win32 代码和相应的 Linux 代码

Win32 代码	相应的 Linux 代码
CloseHandle(semHandle);	pthread_mutex_destroy(&(token->mutex)); pthread_cond_destroy(&(token->condition)); free (token);

 

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发布事件信号

在 Win32 中，ReleaseSemaphore 函数会令指定的信号对象的计数值增加指定数量。

清单 10. ReleaseSemaphore 函数

BOOL ReleaseSemaphore( HANDLE hSemaphore, LONG lReleaseCount, LPLONG lpPreviousCount );

Linux POSIX 信号使用 sem_post() 来发布事件信号。这将唤醒阻塞于此信号的所有线程。

清单 11. sem_post() 

int sem_post(sem_t * sem);

在 Linux 中，pthread_cond_signal 会唤醒等待某个条件变更的某个线程。Linux 调用这个函数来为此对象所标识的信号发布一个事件完成信号。调用的线程增加那个信号的值。如果信号的值从零开始增加，而且 pthread_cond 中有任何线程被阻塞，那么请等待这个信号，因为其中一个会被唤醒。默认情况下，实现可以选择任意的正在等待的线程。

清单 12. pthread_cond_signal 

int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);

清单 13. Win32 代码和相应的 Linux 代码

Win32 代码	相应的 Linux 代码
ReleaseSemaphore(semHandle, 1, NULL)	if (rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&(token->mutex))) return RC_SEM_POST_ERROR; token->semCount ++; if (rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex))) return RC_SEM_POST_ERROR; if (rc = pthread_cond_signal(&(token->condition))) return RC_SEM_POST_ERROR;

 

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等待事件信号

Win32 调用 WaitForSingleObject 函数来等待所需要的信号上事件的完成。当等待单一线程同步对象时，可以使用此方法。当对象被设置发出信号或者超时时间段结束时，这个方法会得到通知。如果时间间隔是 INFINITE，那么它就会无止境地等待下去。

清单 14. WaitForSingleObject 函数

DWORD WaitForSingleObject( HANDLE hHANDLE, DWORD dwMilliseconds );

使用 WaitForMultipleObjects 函数来等待多个被通知的对象。在信号线程同步对象中，当计数器变为零时，对象是 non-signaled。

清单 15. WaitForMultipleObjects 函数

DWORD WaitForMultipleObjects( DWORD nCount, Const HANDLE* lpHandles, BOOL bWaitAll, DWORD dwMilliseconds );

Linux POSIX 信号使用 sem_wait() 来挂起发出调用的线程，直到信号拥有了非零的计数值。然后它自动地减少信号的计数值。

清单 16. sem_wait() 函数

int sem_wait(sem_t * sem);

在 POSIX 信号中不能使用超时选项。不过，您可以通过在某个循环中执行非阻塞的 sem_trywait() 来完成此功能，它会计算超时的值。

清单 17. sem_trywait() 函数

int sem_trywait(sem_t * sem);

在 Linux 中，pthread_cond_wait() 会阻塞发出调用的线程。发出调用的线程会减小那个信号。如果当 pthread_cond_wait 被调用时信号是零，则 pthread_cond_wait() 就会阻塞，直到另一个线程增加了那个信号的值。

清单 18. pthread_cond_wait() 函数

int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex);

pthread_cond_wait 函数首先释放相关联的 external_mutex of type pthread_mutex_t，当调用者检查条件表达式时必须持有它。

清单 19. Win32 代码和相应的 Linux 代码

Win32 代码	相应的 Linux 代码
DWORD retVal; retVal = WaitForSingleObject(semHandle, INFINITE); if (retVal == WAIT_FAILED) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR	if (rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&(token->mutex))) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR; while (token->semCount <= 0) { rc = pthread_cond_wait(&(token->condition), &(token->mutex)); if (rc &&errno != EINTR ) break; } token->semCount--; if (rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex))) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR;

如果您需要在指定的一段时间内阻塞发出调用的线程，那么请使用 pthread_cond_timewait 来阻塞它。调用这个方法来等待所需要信号上某个事件的完成，等待指定的一段时间。

清单 20. pthread_cond_timewait

int pthread_cond_timewait( pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex, timespec *tm );

清单 21. Win32 代码和相应的 Linux 代码

Win32 代码

相应的 Linux 代码

retVal = WaitForSingleObject(SemHandle, timelimit); if (retVal == WAIT_FAILED) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR; if (retVal == WAIT_TIMEOUT) return RC_TIMEOUT;

int rc; struct timespec tm; struct timeb tp; long sec, millisec; if (rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&(token->mutex))) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR; sec = timelimit / 1000; millisec = timelimit % 1000; ftime( &tp ); tp.time += sec; tp.millitm += millisec; if( tp.millitm > 999 ) { tp.millitm -= 1000; tp.time++; } tm.tv_sec = tp.time; tm.tv_nsec = tp.millitm * 1000000 ; while (token->semCount <= 0) { rc = pthread_cond_timedwait(&(token->condition), &(token->mutex), &tm); if (rc && (errno != EINTR) ) break; } if ( rc )  { if ( pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex)) ) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR ); if ( rc == ETIMEDOUT) /* we have a time out */ return RC_TIMEOUT ); return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR ); }  token->semCount--; if (rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex))) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR;

 

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POSIX 信号示例代码

清单 22 使用 POSIX 信号来实现线程 A 和 B 之间的同步：

清单 22. POSIX 信号示例代码

sem_t sem; /* semaphore object */ int irc; /* return code */ /* Initialize the semaphore - count is set to 1*/ irc = sem_init (sem, 0,1) ... /* In Thread A */ /* Wait for event to be posted */ sem_wait (&sem); /* Unblocks immediately as semaphore initial count was set to 1 */ ....... /* Wait again for event to be posted */ sem_wait (&sem); /* Blocks till event is posted */ /* In Thread B */ /* Post the semaphore */ ... irc = sem_post (&sem); /* Destroy the semaphore */ irc = sem_destroy(&sem);

 

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进程内信号示例代码

清单 23. Win32 进程内信号示例代码

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <windows.h> void thrdproc (void *data); // the thread procedure (function) to be executed HANDLE semHandle; int main( int argc, char **argv ) { HANDLE *threadId1; HANDLE *threadId2; int hThrd; unsigned stacksize; int arg1; if( argc < 2 ) arg1 = 7; else arg1 = atoi( argv[1] ); printf( "Intra Process Semaphor test.\n" ); printf( "Start.\n" ); semHandle = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 1, 65536, NULL); if( semHandle == (HANDLE) NULL) { printf("CreateSemaphore error: %d\n", GetLastError()); } printf( "Semaphor created.\n" ); if( stacksize < 8192 ) stacksize = 8192; else stacksize = (stacksize/4096+1)*4096; hThrd = _beginthread( thrdproc, // Definition of a thread entry NULL, stacksize, "Thread 1"); if (hThrd == -1) return RC_THREAD_NOT_CREATED); *threadId1 = (HANDLE) hThrd; hThrd = _beginthread( thrdproc, // Definition of a thread entry NULL, stacksize, “Thread 2"); if (hThrd == -1) return RC_THREAD_NOT_CREATED); *threadId2 = (HANDLE) hThrd; printf( "Main thread sleeps 5 sec.\n" ); sleep(5); if( ! ReleaseSemaphore(semHandle, 1, NULL) ) printf("ReleaseSemaphore error: %d\n", GetLastError()); printf( "Semaphor released.\n" ); printf( "Main thread sleeps %d sec.\n", arg1 ); sleep (arg1); if( ! ReleaseSemaphore(semHandle, 1, NULL) ) printf("ReleaseSemaphore error: %d\n", GetLastError()); printf( "Semaphor released.\n" ); printf( "Main thread sleeps %d sec.\n", arg1 ); sleep (arg1); CloseHandle(semHandle); printf( "Semaphor deleted.\n" ); printf( "Main thread sleeps 5 sec.\n" ); sleep (5); printf( "Stop.\n" ); return OK; } void thread_proc( void *pParam ) { DWORD retVal; printf( "\t%s created.\n", pParam ); retVal = WaitForSingleObject(semHandle, INFINITE); if (retVal == WAIT_FAILED) return RC_SEM_WAIT_ERROR; printf( "\tSemaphor blocked by %s. (%lx)\n", pParam, retVal); printf( "\t%s sleeps for 5 sec.\n", pParam ); sleep(5); if( ! ReleaseSemaphore(semHandle, 1, NULL) ) printf("ReleaseSemaphore error: %d\n", GetLastError()); printf( "\tSemaphor released by %s.)\n", pParam); }

清单 24. 相应的 Linux 进程内信号示例代码

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <errno.h> void thread_proc (void * data); pthread_mutexattr_t attr; pthread_mutex_t mutex; typedef struct { pthread_mutex_t mutex; pthread_cond_t condition; int semCount; }sem_private_struct, *sem_private; sem_private token; int main( int argc, char **argv ) { pthread_t threadId1; pthread_t threadId2; pthread_attr_t pthread_attr; pthread_attr_t pthread_attr2; int arg1; int rc; if( argc < 2 ) arg1 = 7; else arg1 = atoi( argv[1] ); printf( "Intra Process Semaphor test.\n" ); printf( "Start.\n" ); token =(sem_private) malloc (sizeof (sem_private_struct)); if(rc = pthread_mutex_init( &(token->mutex), NULL)) { free(token); return 1; } if(rc = pthread_cond_init(&(token->condition), NULL)) { printf( "pthread_condition ERROR.\n" ); pthread_mutex_destroy( &(token->mutex) ); free(token); return 1; } token->semCount = 0; printf( "Semaphor created.\n" ); if (rc = pthread_attr_init(&pthread_attr)) { printf( "pthread_attr_init ERROR.\n" ); exit; } if (rc = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&pthread_attr, 120*1024)) { printf( "pthread_attr_setstacksize ERROR.\n" ); exit; } if (rc = pthread_create(&threadId1, &pthread_attr, (void*(*)(void*))thread_proc, "Thread 1" )) { printf( "pthread_create ERROR.\n" ); exit; } if (rc = pthread_attr_init(&pthread_attr2)) { printf( "pthread_attr_init2 ERROR.\n" ); exit; } if (rc = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&pthread_attr2, 120*1024)) { printf( "pthread_attr_setstacksize2 ERROR.\n" ); exit; } if (rc = pthread_create(&threadId2, &pthread_attr2, (void*(*)(void*))thread_proc, "Thread 2" )) { printf( "pthread_CREATE ERROR2.\n" ); exit ; // EINVAL, ENOMEM } printf( "Main thread sleeps 5 sec.\n" ); sleep( 5 ); if (rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_lock ERROR 1.\n" ); return 1; } token->semCount ++; if (rc = pthread_mutex_unlock&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_unlock ERROR 1.\n" ); return 1; } if (rc = pthread_cond_signal(&(token->condition))) { printf( "pthread_cond_signal ERROR1.\n" ); return 1; } printf( "Semaphor released.\n" ); printf( "Main thread sleeps %d sec.\n", arg1 ); sleep( arg1 ); if (rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_lock ERROR.\n" ); return 1; } token->semCount ++; if (rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_lock ERROR.\n" ); return 1; } if (rc = pthread_cond_signal(&(token->condition))) { printf( "pthread_cond_signal ERROR.\n" ); return 1; } printf( "Semaphor released.\n" ); printf( "Main thread sleeps %d sec.\n", arg1 ); sleep( arg1 ); pthread_mutex_destroy(&(token->mutex)); pthread_cond_destroy(&(token->condition)); printf( "Semaphor deleted.\n" ); printf( "Main thread sleeps 5 sec.\n" ); sleep( 5 ); printf( "Stop.\n" ); return 0; } void thread_proc( void *pParam ) { int rc; printf( "\t%s created.\n", pParam ); if (token == (sem_private) NULL) return ; if (rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_lock ERROR2.\n" ); return ; } while (token->semCount <= 0) { rc = pthread_cond_wait(&(token->condition), &(token->mutex)); if (rc && errno != EINTR ) break; } if( rc ) { pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex)); printf( "pthread_mutex_unlock ERROR3.\n" ); return; } token->semCount--; if (rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_lock ERROR.\n" ); return ; } printf( "\tSemaphor blocked by %s. (%lx)\n", pParam, rc ); printf( "\t%s sleeps for 5 sec.\n", pParam ); sleep( 5 ); if (rc = pthread_mutex_lock(&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_lock ERROR.\n" ); return ; } token->semCount ++; if (rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(&(token->mutex))) { printf( "pthread_mutex_unlock ERROR.\n" ); return ; } if (rc = pthread_cond_signal(&(token->condition))) { printf( "pthread_cond_signal ERROR.\n" ); return ; } printf( "\tSemaphor released by %s. (%lx)\n", pParam, rc );

 

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进程间信号示例代码

清单 25. Win32 进程间信号示例代码，进程 1

#include <stdio.h> #include <windows.h> #define WAIT_FOR_ENTER printf( "Press ENTER\n" );getchar() int main() { HANDLE semaphore; int nRet; DWORD retVal; SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sec_attr; printf( "Inter Process Semaphore test - Process 1.\n" ); printf( "Start.\n" ); sec_attr.nLength = sizeof( SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES ); sec_attr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL; sec_attr.bInheritHandle = TRUE; semaphore = CreateSemaphore( &sec_attr, 1, 65536, “456789" ); if( semaphore == (HANDLE) NULL ) return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED; printf( "Semaphore created. (%lx)\n", nRet ); WAIT_FOR_ENTER; if( ! ReleaseSemaphore(semaphore, 1, NULL) ) return SEM_POST_ERROR; printf( "Semaphore Posted. \n"); WAIT_FOR_ENTER; retVal = WaitForSingleObject (semaphore, INFINITE ); if (retVal == WAIT_FAILED) return SEM_WAIT_ERROR; printf( "Wait for Semaphore. \n"); WAIT_FOR_ENTER; CloseHandle (semaphore); printf( "Semaphore deleted.\n" ); printf( "Stop.\n" ); return 0; }

清单 26 给出了作为支持进程间共享的有名称信号示例的消息 IPC 代码。

清单 26. 相应的 Linux 进程间信号示例代码，进程 1

#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <errno.h> #include <unistd.h> #define WAIT_FOR_ENTER printf( "Press ENTER\n" );getchar() struct msgbuf { long mtype; /* type of message */ char mtext[1]; /* message text */ }; int main() { key_t msgKey; int flag; struct msgbuf buff; int sem; int nRet =0; printf( "Inter Process Semaphore test - Process 1.\n" ); printf( "Start.\n" ); flag = IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL; if( ( msgKey = (key_t) atol( "456789" ) ) <= 0 ) return 1; flag |= S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP; sem = (int) msgget( msgKey, flag ); if (sem == -1) if( errno == EEXIST ) { flag &= ~IPC_EXCL; sem = (int) msgget( msgKey, flag ); if (msgctl(sem, IPC_RMID, NULL ) != 0) return 1; sem = (int) msgget( msgKey, flag ); if (sem == -1) return 1; } else return 1; printf( "Semaphore created. \n" ); WAIT_FOR_ENTER; buff.mtype = 123; if( msgsnd( sem, &buff, 1, 0 ) < 0 ) return 1; printf( "Semaphore Posted. \n" ); WAIT_FOR_ENTER; if( msgrcv( sem, &buff, 1, 0, 0 ) < 0 ) return 1; printf( "Wait for Semaphore. \n" ); WAIT_FOR_ENTER; msgctl(sem, 0, IPC_RMID ); printf( "Semaphore deleted.\n" ); printf( "Stop.\n" ); return 0; }

清单 27. Win32 进程间信号示例代码，进程 2

#include <stdio.h> #include <windows.h> int main() { HANDLE semaphore; DWORD retVal; printf( "Inter Process Semaphore test - Process 2.\n" ); printf( "Start.\n" ); SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sec_attr; sec_attr.nLength = sizeof( SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES ); sec_attr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL; sec_attr.bInheritHandle = TRUE; semaphore = CreateSemaphore( &sec_attr, 0, 65536, “456789" ); if( semaphore == (HANDLE) NULL ) return RC_OBJECT_NOT_CREATED; printf( "Semaphore opened. (%lx)\n", nRet ); printf( "Try to wait for semaphore.\n" ); while( ( retVal = WaitForSingleObject( semaphore, 250 ) ) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) printf( "Timeout. \n"); printf( "Semaphore acquired. \n"); printf( "Try to post the semaphore.\n" ); if( ! ReleaseSemaphore(semaphore, 1, NULL) ) return RC_SEM_POST_ERROR; printf( "Semaphore posted. \n"); CloseHandle(semaphore); printf( "Semaphore closed. \n"); printf( "Stop.\n" ); return 0; }

清单 28. 相应的 Linux 进程间信号示例代码，进程 2

#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <errno.h> #include <unistd.h> #define RC_TIMEOUT = 3 struct msgbuf { long mtype; /* type of message */ char mtext[1]; /* message text */ }; int main() { key_t msgKey; int flag=0; struct msgbuf buff; int sem; int nRet =0; printf( "Inter Process Semaphore test - Process 2.\n" ); printf( "Start.\n" ); if( ( msgKey = (key_t) atol( "456789" ) ) <= 0 ) return 1; flag |= S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP; sem = (int) msgget( msgKey, flag ); if (sem == -1) if( errno == EEXIST ) { flag &= ~IPC_EXCL; sem = (int) msgget( msgKey, flag ); if (msgctl(sem, IPC_RMID, NULL ) != 0) return 1; sem = (int) msgget( msgKey, flag ); if (sem == -1) return 1; } else return 1; printf( "Semaphore opened. (%lx)\n", nRet ); if( nRet != 0 ) return 0; printf( "Try to wait for semaphore.\n" ); while( ( nRet = sem_shared_wait_timed( sem, 250 ) ) == 3) printf( "Timeout. (%lx)\n", nRet ); printf( "Semaphore acquired. (%lx)\n", nRet ); printf( "Try to post the semaphore.\n" ); buff.mtype = 123; if( msgsnd( sem, &buff, 1, 0 ) < 0 ) return 1; printf( "Semaphore posted. (%lx)\n", nRet ); if( nRet != 0 ) return 0; printf( "Semaphore closed. (%lx)\n", nRet ); printf( "Stop.\n" ); return 0; } int sem_shared_wait_timed( int sem, unsigned long timelimit) { struct msgbuf buff; struct timeval timeOut; int msg[1]; int nRet=0; timeOut.tv_sec = timelimit / 1000; timeOut.tv_usec = (timelimit % 1000) * 1000; msg[0] = sem; nRet = select( 0x1000, (fd_set *)msg, NULL, NULL, &timeOut ); if(nRet == 0) return 3; if( msgrcv( sem, &buff, 1, 0, 0 ) < 0 ) return 1; }

 

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结束语

本系列的第三篇文章从信号 API 的角度讲述了从 Win32 到 Linux 的映射，并给出了您可以引用的信号示例代码。线程化的、同步的系统所提出的挑战不仅是设计与实现，也包括了质量保证的所有阶段。当进行从 Win32 到 Linux 的迁移时，可以将这些文章做为参考。一定要去阅读本系列中以前的文章。