Oracle 10G R2在Linux X86_64下的安装

Oracle 10G R2在Linux X64下的安装

作者:Rainny

日期:2008-6-25

一,安装的先决条件

1.硬件

(1)RAM:至少512M的物理内存

下面为物理内存和交换空间的建议值:

RAM	Swap Space
Up to 512 MB	2 times the size of RAM
Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB	1.5 times the size of RAM
Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB	Equal to the size of RAM
More than 8192 MB	0.75 times the size of RAM

(2)/tmp空间: 至少400 MB的磁盘空间在/tmp目录

(3)1.5G~3.5G的磁盘空间给ORACLE软件

(4)1.2G的磁盘空间给ORACLE预配置数据库

下面为检查硬件先决条件的命令:

(1) 检查总的物理内存:

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

(2) 检查系统交换空间:

# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

(3) 检查系统可用内存和交换空间:

# free

(4)检查/tmp目录的空闲磁盘空间:

# df -k /tmp

如果/tmp目录没有400M的空闲磁盘空间,请按下面操作:

• 删除/tmp目录中不必要的文件以清出足够的空闲空间
• 设置oracle用户的环境变量 TEMP 和 TMPDIR
• 增大包含/tmp 目录的分区空间

(5)检查系统可用的总的空间磁盘空间:

# df -k

下面根按ORACLE安装类型列出了大概的磁盘空间要求:

Installation Type	Requirement for Software Files (GB)
Enterprise Edition	1.9
Standard Edition	1.9
Custom (maximum)	2.0

(6)检查系统的体系结构(CPU)是否可以运行ORACLE软件,请输入下面的命令:

# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

Note: 这个命令会显示CPU处理器的类型,你需要检查一下这个CPU是否和ORACLE发行版本符合.

2.软件

下面为软件要求:

Item	Requirement
Operating system	One of the following operating system versions: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or later) Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or later) SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 with SP2 or later
Kernel version	The system must be running the following kernel version (or a later version): Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0: 2.4.21-27.EL Note: This is the default kernel version. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0: 2.6.9-11.EL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0: 2.6.5-7.201
Packages	The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0: make-3.79.1-17 compat-db 4.0.14-5.1 control-center-2.2.0.1-13 gcc-3.2.3-47 gcc-c++-3.2.3-47 gdb-6.1post-1.20040607.52 glibc-2.3.2-95.30 glibc-common-2.3.2-95.30 glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.30 glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.20 (32 bit) compat-db-4.0.14-5 compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128 compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128 gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-34.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-3.2.3-47 libstdc++-devel-3.2.3-47 openmotif-2.2.3-3.RHEL3 sysstat-5.0.5-5.rhel3 setarch-1.3-1 libaio-0.3.96-3 libaio-devel-0.3.96-3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0: binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4 compat-db-4.1.25-9 control-center-2.8.0-12 gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4 gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4 glibc-2.3.4-2 glibc-common-2.3.4-2 gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1 libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4 libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4 make-3.80-5 pdksh-5.2.14-30 sysstat-5.0.5-1 xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9: binutils-2.15.90.0.1.1-32.5 gcc-3.3.3-43.24 gcc-c++-3.3.3-43.24 glibc-2.3.3-98.28 gnome-libs-1.4.1.7-671.1 libstdc++-3.3.3-43.24 libstdc++-devel-3.3.3-43.24 make-3.80-184.1 pdksh-5.2.14-780.1 sysstat-5.0.1-35.1 xscreensaver-4.16-2.6
PL/SQL native compilation, Pro*C/C++, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle C++ Call Interface, Oracle XML Developer's Kit (XDK)	Intel C++ Compiler 8.1 or later and the version of GNU C and C++ compilers listed previously for the distribution are supported for use with these products. Note: Intel C++ Compiler v8.1 or later is supported. However, it is not required for installation. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, OCCI is supported with version 3.2 of the GNU C++ compiler. This is the default compiler version. OCCI is also supported with Intel Compiler v8.1 with gcc 3.2.3 standard template libraries. Oracle XML Developer's Kit is not supported with GCC on Red Hat Linux 4.0. It is supported only with Intel C++ Compiler (ICC). On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) does not support GCC 3.4.3. To use OCCI on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, you need to install GCC 3.2.3.
Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers	You can use the following optional JDK version with the Oracle JDBC/OCI drivers; however, it is not required for the installation: Sun JDK 1.5.0 (64-bit) Sun JDK 1.5.0 (32-bit) Sun JDK 1.4.2_09 (32-bit)

(1) 检查linux的发行版本:

# cat /proc/version

(2)查看linux的内核:

# uname -r

(3)检查所要求的包是否有安装:

# rpm -q package_name

二,配置主机名称解析

如果你没有设置名称解析,在你运行OUI(Oracle Universal Installer)时有可能报错,为了避免这类错误,你必须确保你的主机名称只是通过/etc/hosts文件来解析的.

确保主机名称只通过/etc/hosts 文件,你需按下面的步骤操作:

1. Verify that the /etc/hosts file is used for name resolution. You can do this by checking the hosts file entry in the nsswitch.conf file as follows:

# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf | grep hosts

The output of this command should contain an entry for files.

2. Verify that the host name has been set by using the hostname command as follows:

# hostname

The output of this command should be similar to the following:

myhost.mycomputer.com

3. Verify that the domain name has not been set dynamically by using the domainname command as follows:

# domainname

This command should not return any results.

4. Verify that the hosts file contains the fully qualified host name by using the following command:

# cat /etc/hosts | grep `eval hostname`

The output of this command should contain an entry for the fully qualified host name and for localhost.

For example:

192.168.100.16    myhost.us.mycompany.com   myhost

127.0.0.1         localhost                 localhost.localdomain

If the hosts file does not contain the fully qualified host name, then open the file and make the required changes in it.

三,安装JDK:

#chmod a+x jdk-1_5_0_15-linux-amd64-rpm.bin

# ./ jdk-1_5_0_15-linux-amd64-rpm.bin

#rpm –ivh jdk-1_5_0_15-linux-amd64.rpm

移除原来的java:

#cd /usr/bin

#mv *.java *.java.bak

为JAVA设置全局环境变量:

# cd /etc

#vi profile

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_04

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

export JAVA_HOME PATH CLASSPATH

查看新安装的JDK是否生效:

#java -version

三,创建ORACLE用户组和用户

(1)OSDBA 用户组 (dba)

当你是在操作系统上第一次安装ORACLE数据库软件时,你必须创建这个组.在这个组里面的操作系统用户帐户拥有管理数据库的权限(sysdba权限),这个组的缺省名称是dba.

If you want to specify a group name other than the default dba group, then you must choose the Custom installation type to install the software or start Oracle Universal Installer as a user that is not a member of this group. In this case, Oracle Universal Installer prompts you to specify the name of this group.

(2) Oracle 目录册组 (oinstall)

当你是在操作系统上第一次安装ORACLE数据库软件时,你必须创建这个组. 组名通常是 oinstall. 这个组拥有Oracle inventory, 这相当于一个目录册,里面记载了安装于这个系统上的所有ORACLE软件.

Note: If Oracle software is already installed on the system, then the existing Oracle Inventory group must be the primary group of the operating system user that you use to install new Oracle software.

(3) The Oracle software owner user (typically, oracle)

当你是在操作系统上第一次安装ORACLE数据库软件时,你必须创建这个用户,通常这个用户名是oracle. 这个用户拥有所有的oracle软件.oinstall组(Oracle Inventory group)必须是这个用户的第一个组,dba组(OSDBA groups)是这个用户的第二个组.

实际的创建:

(1) 创建oracle目录册组(oinstall)

检查oinstall组是否已经存

当你是在操作系统上第一次安装ORACLE数据库软件时,Oracle Universal Installer将创建一个oraInst.loc 文件. 这个文件标识Oracle 目录册组的名称以及Oracle Inventory 的目录路径.

# more /etc/oraInst.loc

If the output of this command shows the oinstall group name, then the group already exists.

If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

inst_group=oinstall

The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group, oinstall.

如果不存在,则用下面的命令创建oinstall组:

# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

(2)创建OSDBA组(dba)

检查dba组是否存在:

# grep dba /etc/group

如果不存在,则用下面的命令创建:

# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

(3)创建oracle软件的拥有者(oracle用户)

检查oracle用户是否存在:

# id oracle

如果不存在,则用下面的命令创建:

# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba[,oper] oracle

In this command:

· The -g option specifies the primary group, which must be the Oracle Inventory group, for example oinstall

· The -G option specifies the secondary groups, which must include the OSDBA group and if required, the OSOPER group. For example, dba or dba,oper

给oracle用户设密码:

# passwd oracle

修改oracle用户:

如果oracle用户的首要组不是oinstall,或次要组不是dba组,则用下面的命令对oracle用户进行修改:

# /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba[,oper] oracle

(4)创建nobody用户:

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