Unix Shell教程

A shell is a command interpreter that exposes an interface to the underlying operating system.

Shell是命令解释器，用于将接口公开给基础操作系统。

It allows you to execute operations using text and commands, and it provides users advanced features like being able to create scripts.

它允许您使用文本和命令执行操作，并且为用户提供了高级功能，例如能够创建脚本。

This is important: shells let you perform things in a more optimized way than a GUI (Graphical User Interface) could ever possibly let you do. Command line tools can offer many different configuration options without being too complex to use.

这很重要：与GUI(图形用户界面)相比，shell使您能够以更优化的方式执行任务。 命令行工具可以提供许多不同的配置选项，而不会太复杂而难以使用。

There are many different kind of shells. This post focuses on Unix shells, the ones that you will find commonly on Linux and macOS computers.

有许多不同种类的外壳。 这篇文章重点介绍Unix shell，它们是您在Linux和macOS计算机上常见的外壳。

Many different kind of shells were created for those systems over time, and a few of them dominate the space: Bash, Csh, Zsh, Fish and many more!

随着时间的流逝，为这些系统创建了许多不同种类的外壳，其中一些占主导地位：Bash，Csh，Zsh，Fish等！

All shells originate from the Bourne Shell, called sh. “Bourne” because its creator was Steve Bourne.

所有壳都来自称为sh的伯恩壳。 “ Bourne”，因为其创建者是Steve Bourne。

Bash means Bourne-again shell. sh was proprietary and not open source, and Bash was created in 1989 to create a free alternative for the GNU project and the Free Software Foundation. Since projects had to pay to use the Bourne shell, Bash became very popular.

Bash表示Bourne-again shell 。 sh是专有的而不是开源的，Bash成立于1989年，旨在为GNU项目和自由软件基金会创建免费替代方案。 由于项目必须付费才能使用Bourne shell，因此Bash变得非常流行。

Try opening your Mac terminal. That by default is running Bash, the most common shell.

尝试打开Mac终端 。 默认情况下，它运行的是最常见的shell Bash。

Update: since Catalina, the default shell on macOS is zsh.

更新：从Catalina开始，macOS上的默认外壳为zsh 。

You can set up your system to run any kind of shell, for example I use the Fish shell.

您可以将系统设置为运行任何类型的外壳，例如我使用Fish外壳。

Each single shell has its own unique features and advanced usage.

每个外壳程序都有其独特的功能和高级用法。

Check those posts about each specific shell for more information on their usage:

检查有关每个特定shell的那些文章，以获取有关其用法的更多信息：

• Bash

  重击

• Fish

  鱼

翻译自: https://flaviocopes.com/shells/