区块链运作机制_区块链如何运作？ 铂 1个

区块链运作机制

This article was originally published on Blockchain Review. Thank you for supporting the partners who make SitePoint possible.

本文最初发表在《 区块链评论》上 。 感谢您支持使SitePoint成为可能的合作伙伴。

If you really want to get into the blockchain and cryptocurrency world, I would highly recommend that you start your journey by reading these two white papers: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System and Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform — and then read them again, and again.

如果您真的想进入区块链和加密货币世界，我强烈建议您阅读以下两个白皮书开始您的旅程： 比特币：对等电子现金系统和以太坊：下一代智能合约以及去中心化的应用程序平台 —然后一次又一次地阅读它们。

If you’re like many people asking questions such as: “I have an idea and I want to know if my project is suitable for a blockchain,” read those two papers, plus How to hire a blockchain developer.

如果您像许多人一样问一些问题，例如： “我有一个主意，我想知道我的项目是否适合区块链，”请阅读这两篇论文，以及如何聘请区块链开发人员。

I wish you all the best on your journey. Let’s take a look at the blockchain specifically.

祝您旅途中一切顺利。 让我们具体看一下区块链。

区块链如何运作？ (How Does the Blockchain Work?)

Blockchain is a hot topic around the world these days, yet for many, the technology remains an elusive concept. But it doesn’t have to — the concept is simple once you get your head around the architecture and theory of basic cryptoeconomics. When you do have your “a-ha” moment, the world will never seem the same to you again.

如今，区块链已成为世界范围内的热门话题，但是对于许多人来说，该技术仍然是一个难以捉摸的概念。 但这不是必须的-一旦您掌握了基本密码经济学的体系结构和理论，这个概念就很简单。 当您拥有“阿哈”时刻时，对您而言，世界将再也不会像现在一样。

This blockchain basics guide is designed to deliver a clear, non-technical introduction to one of the most transformational and misunderstood technologies of our time. If you want to know what blockchain technology is, how it works, and its potential impacts, without all the technical lingo, then this post is for you.

该区块链基础指南旨在为我们这一时代最具变革性和误解性的技术之一提供清晰，非技术性的介绍。 如果您想在没有所有技术术语的情况下了解什么是区块链技术，其工作原理及其潜在影响，那么这篇文章适合您。

交易货币简史 (A Short History of Transacting Money)

Historically, when it comes to transacting money or anything of value, people and businesses have relied heavily on intermediaries like banks and governments to ensure trust and certainty. [1] Middlemen perform a range of important tasks that help build trust into the transactional process like authentication and record keeping. [2]

从历史上看，在进行货币交易或任何有价值的交易时，人们和企业严重依赖银行和政府等中介机构来确保信任和确定性。 [ 1 ]中间人执行一系列重要任务，以帮助在交易过程中建立信任，例如身份验证和记录保存。 [ 2 ]

The need for intermediaries is especially acute when making a digital transaction. Because digital assets like money, stocks and intellectual property are essentially files, they are incredibly easy to reproduce. This creates what’s known as the double spending problem (the act of spending the same unit of value more than once), which until now has prevented the peer-to-peer transfer of digital assets. [3]

在进行数字交易时，对中介的需求尤为迫切。 由于诸如金钱，股票和知识产权之类的数字资产本质上是文件，因此它们非常难以复制。 这就产生了所谓的双重支出问题(重复使用同一价值单位的行为)，直到现在，该问题还阻止了数字资产的点对点转移。 [ 3 ]

But what if there was a way of conducting digital transactions without a third party intermediary? Well, a new technology exists today that makes this possible. But before we dive into the mechanics of this revolutionary technology, it’s important to provide a little context.

但是，如果有一种无需第三方中介即可进行数字交易的方式呢？ 嗯，当今存在一种新技术，这使得这一切成为可能。 但是，在我们深入研究这项革命性技术的原理之前，一定要提供一些背景信息。

区块链与比特币：有什么联系？ (Blockchain vs Bitcoin: What’s the Connection?)

Bitcoin first appeared in a 2008 white paper authored by a person, or persons, using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. The white paper detailed an innovative peer-to-peer electronic cash system called Bitcoin that enabled online payments to be transferred directly, without an intermediary. [4]

比特币首次出现在由一个或多个人使用化名中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)撰写的2008年白皮书中。 白皮书详细介绍了一种创新的点对点电子现金系统，称为比特币，该系统使在线支付无需中介即可直接转移。 [ 4 ]

How the Blockchain Transfers Value via techliberation.com

区块链如何通过techliberation.com转移价值

While the proposed bitcoin payment system was exciting and innovative, it was the mechanics of how it worked that was truly revolutionary. Shortly after the white paper’s release, it became evident that the main technical innovation was not the digital currency itself, but the technology that lay behind it, known today as blockchain.

虽然提出的比特币支付系统令人兴奋且具有创新性，但真正发挥作用的是机制。 白皮书发布后不久，很明显，主要的技术创新不是数字货币本身，而是其背后的技术，今天称为区块链。

Although commonly associated with Bitcoin, blockchain technology has many other applications. Bitcoin is merely the first and most well-known implementation. In fact, Bitcoin is only one of about seven hundred applications that use the blockchain concept today. [5]

尽管通常与比特币相关，但区块链技术还有许多其他应用。 比特币只是第一个也是最著名的实现。 实际上，比特币只是当今使用区块链概念的大约七百个应用程序之一。 [ 5 ]

[Blockchain] is to Bitcoin, what the internet is to email. A big electronic system, on top of which you can build applications. Currency is just one. — Sally Davies, FT Technology Reporter [6]

[区块链]是比特币，互联网是电子邮件。 大型电子系统，您可以在其上构建应用程序。 货币只是一种。 — Sally Davies，英国《金融时报》技术记者[ 6 ]

One example of the evolution and broad application of blockchain, beyond digital currency, is the development of the Ethereum public blockchain, which provides a way to execute peer-to-peer contracts. [7]

以太坊公共区块链的发展是除数字货币之外区块链发展和广泛应用的一个例子，它提供了一种执行对等合约的方式。 [ 7 ]

区块链引擎背后是什么？ (What’s Under the Blockchain Hood?)

Simply put, a blockchain is a type of distributed ledger or decentralized database that keeps continuously updated digital records of who owns what. Rather than having a central administrator like a traditional database, (think banks, governments and accountants), a distributed ledger has a network of replicated databases, synchronized via the internet and visible to anyone within the network. [8]

简而言之，区块链是一种分布式账本或去中心化数据库，可保持谁拥有什么的数字记录不断更新。 分布式账本没有像传统数据库那样的中央管理员(例如银行，政府和会计师)，而是具有复制数据库的网络，这些网络通过Internet同步并且对网络中的任何人可见。 [ 8 ]

Blockchain networks can be private with restricted membership similar to an intranet, or public, like the Internet, accessible to any person in the world. [9], [10]

区块链网络可以是私有的，其成员资格类似于Intranet，也可以是公共的 ，例如Internet，世界上任何人都可以访问。 [ 9 ]，[ 10 ]

When a digital transaction is carried out, it is grouped together in a cryptographically protected block with other transactions that have occurred in the last 10 minutes and been sent out to the entire network. Miners (members in the network with high levels of computing power) then compete to validate the transactions by solving complex coded problems. [11] The first miner to solve the problems and validate the block receives a reward. In the Bitcoin blockchain network, for example, a miner would receive Bitcoins.

进行数字交易时，它将与最近10分钟内发生的其他交易一起分组到一个受密码保护的块中，并发送到整个网络。 然后，矿工(网络中具有较高计算能力的成员)将通过解决复杂的编码问题来竞争以验证交易。 [ 11 ]解决问题并验证区块的第一位矿工获得了奖励。 例如，在比特币区块链网络中，一名矿工将获得比特币。

The validated block of transactions is then timestamped and added to a chain in a linear, chronological order. New blocks of validated transactions are linked to older blocks, making a chain of blocks that show every transaction made in the history of that blockchain. [12] The entire chain is continually updated so that every ledger in the network is the same, giving each member the ability to prove who owns what at any given time.

然后，将经过验证的交易块加盖时间戳，并以线性，时间顺序添加到链中。 新的经过验证的交易区块与旧区块链接，形成了一系列区块链，显示了该区块链历史上进行的每笔交易。 [ 12 ]整个链会不断更新，以便网络中的每个分类帐都相同，从而使每个成员都有能力证明谁在任何给定时间拥有什么。

A blockchain is a magic computer that anyone can upload programs to and leave the programs to self-execute, where the current and all previous states of every program are always publicly visible, and which carries a very strong crypto economically secured guarantee that programs running on the chain will continue to execute in exactly the way that the blockchain protocol specifies. — Vitalik Buterin

区块链是一台神奇的计算机，任何人都可以将程序上载到程序中并让程序自行执行，在此程序中，每个程序的当前状态和所有以前的状态始终是公开可见的，并且具有非常强大的加密经济保证，可确保程序在链将继续按照区块链协议指定的方式继续执行。 — 维塔利克·布特林(Vitalik Buterin)

Blockchain’s decentralized, open and cryptographic nature allows people to trust each other and transact peer-to-peer, making the need for intermediaries obsolete. This also brings unprecedented security benefits. Hacking attacks that commonly impact large centralized intermediaries like banks would be virtually impossible to pull off on the blockchain. For example, if someone wanted to hack into a particular block in a blockchain, a hacker would not only need to hack into that specific block, but all of the proceeding blocks going back the entire history of that blockchain. And they would need to do it on every ledger in the network, which could be millions, simultaneously. [13]

区块链的去中心化，开放性和加密性使人们可以相互信任并进行点对点交易，从而消除了对中介的需求。 这也带来了前所未有的安全优势。 黑客攻击通常会影响大型集中式中介机构(例如银行)，几乎不可能在区块链上成功开展。 例如，如果某人想入侵区块链中的特定区块，那么黑客不仅需要入侵该特定区块，还需要入侵所有追溯到该区块链整个历史中的区块。 他们将需要同时在网络中的每个分类帐上进行此操作，这可能是数百万个。 [ 13 ]

区块链会改变互联网和全球经济吗？ (Will the Blockchain Transform the Internet & Global Economy?)

Make no mistake about it. Blockchain is a highly disruptive technology that promises to change the world as we know it. The technology is not only shifting the way we use the Internet, but it is also revolutionizing the global economy. [14]

毫无疑问。 区块链是一种高度破坏性的技术，有望改变我们所知道的世界。 该技术不仅在改变我们使用互联网的方式，而且还在彻底改变全球经济。 [ 14 ]

By enabling the digitization of assets, blockchain is driving a fundamental shift from the Internet of information, where we can instantly view, exchange and communicate information to the Internet of value, where we can instantly exchange assets. [15] A new global economy of immediate value transfer is on its way, where big intermediaries no longer play a major role. An economy where trust is established not by central intermediaries but through consensus and complex computer code. [16]

通过实现资产数字化，区块链正在推动从信息互联网的根本转变，在互联网上我们可以即时查看，交换和交流信息，在价值互联网上我们可以即时交换资产。 [ 15 ]一种新的立即价值转移的全球经济正在兴起，大型中介不再发挥主要作用。 在这种经济中，信任不是通过中央中介机构而是通过共识和复杂的计算机代码来建立的。 [ 16 ]

The technology likely to have the greatest impact on the next few decades has arrived. And it’s not social media. It’s not big data. It’s not robotics. It’s not even AI. You’ll be surprised to learn that it’s the underlying technology of digital currencies like Bitcoin. It’s called the blockchain. — Don Tapscott

这项技术可能会在未来几十年产生最大的影响。 它不是社交媒体。 这不是大数据。 这不是机器人技术。 甚至不是AI。 您会惊讶地发现它是比特币等数字货币的基础技术。 这就是所谓的区块链。 — 唐·塔普斯科特

Blockchain has applications that go way beyond obvious things like digital currencies and money transfers. From electronic voting, smart contracts and digitally recorded property assets to patient health records management and proof of ownership for digital content.

区块链的应用远远超出了数字货币和汇款等显而易见的事物。 从电子投票， 智能合约和数字记录的财产资产到患者健康记录管理和数字内容的所有权证明。

Blockchain will profoundly disrupt hundreds of industries that rely on intermediaries, including banking, finance, academia, real estate, insurance, legal, health care and the public sector — amongst many others. [17] This will result in job losses and the complete transformation of entire industries. But overall, the elimination of intermediaries brings mostly positive benefits. Banks and governments for example, often impede the free flow of business because of the time it takes to process transactions and regulatory requirements. The blockchain will enable an increased amount of people and businesses to trade much more frequently and efficiently, significantly boosting local and international trade. Blockchain technology would also eliminate expensive intermediary fees that have become a burden on individuals and businesses, especially in the remittances space.

区块链将彻底破坏数百家依赖中介的行业，包括银行，金融，学术界，房地产，保险，法律，医疗保健和公共部门等。 [ 17 ]这将导致失业和整个行业的完全转型。 但是总的来说，消除中间人带来了很多积极的好处。 例如，由于处理交易和监管要求所需的时间，银行和政府通常会阻碍业务的自由流动。 区块链将使更多的人和企业更频繁，更高效地进行交易，从而极大地促进了本地和国际贸易。 区块链技术还将消除昂贵的中介费用，这些中介费用已成为个人和企业的负担，尤其是在汇款领域。

Perhaps most profoundly, blockchain promises to democratize and expand the global financial system. Giving people who have limited exposure to the global economy, better access to financial and payment systems and stronger protection against corruption and exploitation.

也许最深刻的是， 区块链有望使全球金融体系民主化和扩展 。 为那些在全球经济中接触有限，能够更好地使用金融和支付系统以及更有效地防止腐败和剥削的人们提供帮助。

Every human being on the planet with a phone, will have equal access. Expanding the total addressable market by 4X. — Brock Pierce

地球上每个拥有电话的人都将享有平等的访问权。 将整个潜在市场扩大4倍。 — 布罗克·皮尔斯

The potential impacts of blockchain technology on society and the global economy are significant. With an ever growing list of real-world uses, blockchain technology promises to have a massive impact. This is just the beginning.

区块链技术对社会和全球经济的潜在影响是巨大的。 随着越来越多的现实世界使用，区块链技术有望产生巨大的影响。 这仅仅是开始。

Many of the most exciting applications and platforms haven't even been invented yet!

许多最激动人心的应用程序和平台甚至还没有被发明出来！

If you want more information that is friendly and easily accessible, please see the rest of our series here:

如果您想获得更多友好且易于访问的信息，请在此处查看我们的其他系列文章：

• How does the Blockchain Work? Part 2 – the top 5 things you need to know.

  区块链如何运作？ 第2部分 – 您需要了解的5件事 。

• How does the Blockchain Work? Part 3 – what is consensus and why does it matter?

  区块链如何运作？ 第三部分 – 什么是共识，为什么重要？

• How does the Blockchain Work? Part 4 – what’s the difference between private, public, and consortium blockchain?

  区块链如何运作？ 第4部分 – 私有，公共和联盟区块链之间有什么区别？

I’m always interested in meeting blockchain founders, academic researchers, and technologists who are working on challenging projects, so please feel free to contact me on LinkedIn, or by email at collin@intrepid.ventures.

我一直很想与正在从事具有挑战性的项目的区块链创始人，学术研究人员和技术专家会面，因此请随时通过LinkedIn或通过电子邮件collin@intrepid.ventures与我联系。

• Looking for a new cryptocurrency? Check out the introduction to Metabase.

  寻找新的加密货币？ 查看Metabase的介绍。

• Want to launch your own ICO? Apply now at Token Deck.

  想启动自己的ICO吗？ 现在在Token Deck申请。

翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/how-does-the-blockchain-work-pt-1/

区块链运作机制