虚拟专用服务器_您是否需要虚拟专用服务器？

虚拟专用服务器

A Virtual Private Server (VPS) is a simulation of hardware by a host operating system that allows another operating system to run on it. What that means for Web developers is that a Web hosting company can host multiple "Virtual" servers on one physical, or "host", server.

虚拟专用服务器(VPS)是主机操作系统对硬件的模拟，它允许另一个操作系统在其上运行。 对于Web开发人员而言，这意味着Web托管公司可以在一个物理或“主机”服务器上托管多个“虚拟”服务器。

Each virtual server is isolated from the others (or "Private"), and access to hardware resources (RAM, CPU, Disk Space, Network throughput) is managed by the "host" server. So, for instance, a server may have 2GB RAM, 100GB of disk space, and 2 x 2GHz processors, with 10 VPSes on it. Depending on the VPS software that’s used on the host machine, each VPS can either share hardware resources, or have guaranteed access to 200MB RAM, a disk space limit of 10GB, and an effective CPU of 400Mhz. Now, this is a slight oversimplification, but it gives you an idea of a potential VPS scenario.

每个虚拟服务器都与其他虚拟服务器(或“私有”)隔离开来，对硬件资源(RAM，CPU，磁盘空间，网络吞吐量)的访问由“主机”服务器管理。 因此，例如，一台服务器可能具有2GB RAM，100GB磁盘空间和2个2GHz处理器，并带有10 VPS。 根据主机上使用的VPS软件，每个VPS可以共享硬件资源，或者可以保证访问200MB RAM，磁盘空间限制为10GB和有效CPU为400Mhz。 现在，这有点过分简化了，但是它使您对潜在的VPS方案有了一个了解。

Most VPS plans are hosted on either Linux or FreeBSD, but they do also exist in the Windows world. My personal experience and preference is for the *nix side of things, and from my own research, I’ve found the costs of Windows VPS plans tend to be significantly more expensive than their *nix counterparts, but that’s not to say they’re not suitable in specific situations. For the purposes of this article, though, I’ll focus on the Linux VPS plans, as I’m familiar with them.

大多数VPS计划都托管在Linux或FreeBSD上，但在Windows世界中也确实存在。 我个人的经验和偏爱是针对* nix方面的，从我自己的研究中，我发现Windows VPS计划的成本往往比* nix同行的成本高得多，但这并不是说它们在特定情况下不适合。 不过，出于本文的目的，我将重点介绍Linux VPS计划。

VPS托管适合我吗？ (Is VPS Hosting Right for Me?)

VPS hosting plans fill the gap between entry level Web hosting plans that offer specific services (such as PHP/MySQL, or Perl/CGI) with a limited amount of disk space on a shared server, and co-location, where you own and manage the hardware and simply rent "rack space" and an Internet connection from a data center. If you’re outgrowing a shared hosting plan, but aren’t ready for the financial commitment of co-location, a VPS hosting plan could be the ideal middle ground.

VPS托管计划填补了提供特定服务(例如PHP / MySQL或Perl / CGI)且共享服务器上的磁盘空间有限的入门级Web托管计划与托管和托管的托管之间的差距。硬件，只需租用“机架空间”和数据中心的Internet连接即可。 如果您已经超出了共享托管计划的范围，但又不准备代管托管的财务承诺，那么VPS托管计划可能是理想的中间立场。

Another option to consider is dedicated (or managed) hosting, which is typically cheaper than co-locating, and is becoming more reasonably priced relative to other hosting options. While it’s likely to be more expensive than a VPS plan, dedicated hosting may still be a much more affordable option than you think. As the name suggests, this gives you a dedicated server: essentially, you "rent" the server from the hosting company, rather than renting rackspace for your own server, as you would for a co-located server.

要考虑的另一种选择是专用(或托管)托管，它通常比同地托管便宜，并且相对于其他托管选项，其价格已变得更加合理。 尽管它可能比VPS计划贵，但专用托管可能仍然是您想不到的更实惠的选择。 顾名思义，这将为您提供专用的服务器：从本质上讲，您是从托管公司“租用”该服务器，而不是像在同一位置的服务器那样租用自己的服务器的机架空间。

VPS hosting plans offer the following key advantages:

VPS托管计划具有以下主要优势：

• root access gives you the ability to install and configure any programs you want. Want to run PHP with PostgreSQL instead of MySQL? Go ahead: install it. Want to try out Zope/Plone? Knock yourself out.
  根访问权限使您能够安装和配置所需的任何程序。 是否想用PostgreSQL而不是MySQL运行PHP？ 继续：安装它。 想尝试Zope / Plone吗？ 把自己打昏。
• You can host an unlimited number of Websites through Apache’s Virtual Hosts.
  您可以通过Apache的虚拟主机托管无限数量的网站。
• You can host other services, such as a mail server, an FTP server, or any type of server you want.
  您可以托管其他服务，例如邮件服务器，FTP服务器或所需的任何类型的服务器。
• You can use the server for backup, file storage, or anything you need.
  您可以将服务器用于备份，文件存储或任何您需要的东西。

However, VPS hosting plans have the following disadvantages:

但是，VPS托管计划具有以下缺点：

• Since you’re in control of the server, you are also responsible for all installation, maintenance, security and updates. If you are inexperienced with administering a Linux Server, and are not willing to learn as you go, this may be a big drawback.
  由于您控制服务器，因此您还负责所有安装，维护，安全性和更新。 如果您对管理Linux服务器不熟悉，并且不愿意随手学习，那么这可能是一个很大的缺点。
• While a VPS hosting plan gives you an entire operating system of your own to work with, you still share hardware resources (CPU, RAM, etc.) with other VPSes on the same host server. Therefore, if performance is key, or you’re running RAM-intensive programs, you may be better off with co-location.
  尽管VPS托管计划为您提供了自己的整个操作系统，但您仍然可以与同一主机服务器上的其他VPS共享硬件资源(CPU，RAM等)。 因此，如果性能是关键，或者您正在运行RAM密集型程序，那么使用共置托管可能会更好。

它是如何工作的？ (How Does it Work?)

A number of virtualization technologies make Virtual Private Servers possible: there are commercial companies, such as VMWare, and Microsoft’s own Virtual PC, Open Source offerings such as User Mode Linux, QEMU, and more recently XEN. This is a hot topic in the Linux world at the moment, with XEN, in particular, receiving a lot of press and support. There’s even the possibility that it may be bundled with upcoming distributions of Linux. This can only be a good thing for Web developers, as the more widespread the use of Virtualization and VPS is in Web hosting, the more freedom it will provide at a lower cost.

多种虚拟化技术使虚拟专用服务器成为可能：有商业公司(例如VMWare )和Microsoft自己的虚拟PC ，开源产品(例如用户模式Linux ， QEMU和最近的XEN) 。 目前，这是Linux世界中的热门话题，尤其是XEN，获得了很多的压力和支持。 甚至有可能将其与即将发行的Linux捆绑在一起。 这对于Web开发人员来说只是一件好事，因为Web托管中虚拟化和VPS的使用越广泛，它将以较低的成本提供更多的自由。

扎根 (Getting to the Root)

So what do you get with a VPS account? Well, the one thing you do get is root access to your server. As mentioned above, if you’re comfortable with administering a Linux server remotely, this is, of course, a great thing. It means you have complete control, can install any programs you want, and do anything you choose. However, it also places the responsibility for configuration and implementation in your hands. If you’re not comfortable with this, stay away from VPSes.

那么，使用VPS帐户可以获得什么呢？ 好吧，您要做的一件事就是对服务器的root访问。 如上所述，如果您愿意远程管理Linux服务器，那么这当然是一件好事。 这意味着您拥有完全的控制权，可以安装所需的任何程序以及执行任何选择的操作。 但是，这也将配置和实施的责任掌握在您手中。 如果您对此不满意，请远离VPS。

Does that mean you need to install the entire operating system from scratch? Probably not. Most VPS plans have a number of "disk images" to choose from, with different distributions (such as Debian or Fedora Core) in default configurations. You simply specify which disk image you want, and it will be configured on your VPS in a matter of minutes. Once you are set up with an account, you are then given root access via ssh, and can log in and customize your server, install new software, remove unwanted software and update existing software as needed.

这是否意味着您需要从头开始安装整个操作系统？ 可能不是。 大多数VPS计划都有许多“磁盘映像”可供选择，在默认配置中具有不同的发行版(例如Debian或Fedora Core)。 您只需指定所需的磁盘映像，即可在几分钟内在VPS上对其进行配置。 一旦设置了帐户，便可以通过ssh授予根访问权限，并且可以登录和自定义服务器，安装新软件，删除不需要的软件以及根据需要更新现有软件。

选择一个VPS托管公司 (Choosing a VPS Hosting Company)

So how do you choose a VPS hosting company? Here are a points to look out for.

那么，您如何选择VPS托管公司？ 这里有一些要注意的地方。

Know the details of your hardware resources:

了解您的硬件资源的详细信息：

• What are the specifications of the host server? (RAM, CPU, Network throughput, etc.)
  主机服务器的规格是什么？ (RAM，CPU，网络吞吐量等)
• How many VPS instances are run on the host server that you’ll be on? This is important because you are effectively sharing the host server’s resources with these other VPSes.
  您将要在主机服务器上运行多少个VPS实例？ 这很重要，因为您正在与这些其他VPS有效共享主机服务器的资源。
• How is resource contention handled? In other words, what happens if all the other VPSes on your host server are running CPU/RAM-intensive processes? Do you have a dedicated minimum amount of RAM/CPU/Network usage? If so, how much?
  资源争用如何处理？ 换句话说，如果主机服务器上的所有其他VPS正在运行CPU / RAM密集型进程，会发生什么情况？ 您是否有专门的最小RAM / CPU /网络使用量？ 如果是这样，多少钱？

Know the details of your Virtualization technology:

了解您的虚拟化技术的详细信息：

• What’s the underlying OS: Linux, FreeBSD, Windows? If Linux, what distros are offered?
  什么是底层操作系统：Linux，FreeBSD，Windows？ 如果是Linux，会提供哪些发行版？
• Are they using User Mode Linux, QEMU, or XEN? Why was that specific technology chosen?
  他们正在使用用户模式Linux，QEMU还是XEN？ 为什么选择该特定技术？
• How are hardware upgrades handled? Let’s say you start out with a basic plan that offers 64MB dedicated RAM and 2GB disk space. Six months from now, you realize you need more RAM and more disk space. What are the additional costs and what is the procedure for allocating the additional resources?
  如何处理硬件升级？ 假设您从提供64MB专用RAM和2GB磁盘空间的基本计划开始。 从现在开始的六个月后，您意识到需要更多的RAM和更多的磁盘空间。 额外费用是多少？分配额外资源的程序是什么？

Know the details of your Web hosting company. These are the more traditional questions that apply across the board when you’re choosing a Web host of any sort:

了解您的Web托管公司的详细信息。 当您选择任何类型的Web主机时，以下是更普遍的传统问题：

• What kind of support is offered (phone, email, IM, IRC – 24/7?)
  提供什么样的支持(电话，电子邮件，IM，IRC – 24/7？)
• How long has the company been in business?
  公司开业已有多长时间了？
• What is the company’s client retention rate?
  公司的客户保留率是多少？
• How much downtime have they experienced in the last 12/24 months?
  在过去的12/24个月中，他们经历了多少次停机？
• What backup/redundancy measures do they have in place?
  他们采取了哪些备份/冗余措施？

Prices range from $20 per month at the low end to more than $100 per month for higher end systems, but beware: price isn’t always an indication of more features or better service. If you’re still wondering whether a VPS hosting plan is right for you, it may be worth starting at the lower end (potentially a 64MB RAM with 2GB disk space VPS). You can always expand from there — just be sure to choose a hosting company that can accommodate the expansion you have in mind. If you need significantly more hardware resources, co-location is the way to go.

价格范围从低端每月20美元到高端系统每月100美元以上，但要注意：价格并不总是表示更多功能或更好服务的指示。 如果您仍然想知道VPS托管计划是否适合您，则可能值得从较低端开始(可能是具有2GB磁盘空间VPS的64MB RAM)。 您可以随时从那里进行扩展-只需确保选择可以满足您扩展需求的托管公司即可。 如果您需要大量的硬件资源，则可以使用主机托管。

However, if you have a small budget but big ideas, a VPS may just be for you.

但是，如果您预算少但想法大，那么VPS可能适合您。

翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/virtual-private-server/

虚拟专用服务器