非对称密钥加密_如何使用非对称密钥和phpseclib加密大型消息

非对称密钥加密

This tutorial will show you how to encrypt arbitrarily large messages with asymmetric keys and a PHP library called phpseclib.

本教程将向您展示如何使用非对称密钥和称为phpseclibPHP库对任意大消息进行加密。

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介绍 (Introduction)

Most of us understand the need to encrypt sensitive data before transmitting it. Encryption is the process of translating plaintext (i.e. normal data) into ciphertext (i.e. secret data). During encryption, plaintext information is translated to ciphertext using a key and an algorithm. To read the data, the ciphertext must be decrypted (i.e. translated back to plaintext) using a key and an algorithm.

我们大多数人都知道在传输敏感数据之前需要对其进行加密。 加密是将纯文本 (即正常数据)转换为密文 (即秘密数据)的过程。 在加密期间，使用密钥和算法将明文信息转换为密文。 为了读取数据，必须使用密钥和算法对密文进行解密(即将其转换回纯文本)。

An encryption algorithm is a series of mathematical operations applied to the numerical value(s) of the key and the numerical values of the characters in a string of plaintext. The results are the ciphertext. The larger the key, the more secure the ciphertext.

加密算法是应用于密钥的数字值和一串明文中的字符的数值的一系列数学运算。 结果是密文。 密钥越大，密文越安全。

A core problem to be solved with any encryption algorithm is key distribution. How do you transmit keys to those who need them in order to establish secure communication?

任何加密算法要解决的核心问题是密钥分配。 您如何将密钥传输给需要它们以建立安全通信的人？

The solution to the problem depends on the nature of the keys and algorithms.

该问题的解决方案取决于密钥和算法的性质。

加密算法和密钥 (Encryption Algorithms and Keys)

There are two basic types of encryption algorithms: 1. Symmetric Algorithms that use the same key for both encryption and decryption. 2. Asymmetric Algorithms that use different keys for encryption and decryption.

加密算法有两种基本类型：1. 对称算法 ，使用相同的密钥进行加密和解密。 2.使用不同密钥进行加密和解密的非对称算法 。

If a symmetric algorithm is chosen, both the sender and the receiver must have the same key. If the sender and receiver are in different locations, the transmission of the key itself becomes a point of vulnerability.

如果选择了对称算法，则发送方和接收方都必须具有相同的密钥。 如果发送方和接收方位于不同的位置，则密钥本身的传输将成为脆弱点。

If an asymmetric algorithm is chosen, there are two keys: a public key and a private key. Data encrypted with a public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key. The receiver first transmits their public key to the sender. The sender uses that public key to encrypt the message and then transmits the message to the receiver. The receiver decrypts the message with their private key.

如果选择了非对称算法，