mac地址唯一性_MAC地址的唯一性如何实施？

mac地址唯一性

With the huge volume of Internet connected devices that have been and will continue to be produced, how is the uniqueness of any ‘given’ MAC address enforced? Today’s SuperUser Q&A post has the answers to a curious reader’s questions.

随着已经和将要继续生产的大量互联网连接设备，如何实现“给定” MAC地址的唯一性？ 今天的“超级用户问答”帖子回答了好奇的读者的问题。

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.

今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。

Screenshot courtesy of Christiaan Colen (Flickr).

屏幕截图由 Christiaan Colen(Flickr)提供 。

问题 (The Question)

SuperUser reader JellicleCat wants to know how the uniqueness of MAC addresses is enforced:

超级用户阅读器JellicleCat想知道如何实现MAC地址的唯一性：

Again and again I have read that devices are uniquely identified by their MAC addresses, but how are MAC addresses determined? And do they tell us anything about the devices they represent?

我一遍又一遍地读到，设备由其MAC地址唯一标识，但是如何确定MAC地址呢？ 他们会告诉我们有关其代表的设备的任何信息吗？

How is the uniqueness of MAC addresses enforced?

MAC地址的唯一性如何实施？

答案 (The Answer)

SuperUser contributor DavidPostill has the answer for us:

超级用户贡献者DavidPostill为我们提供了答案：

How are MAC Addresses Determined?

如何确定MAC地址？

Vendors are given a range of MAC Addresses that can be assigned to their products by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). MAC Address are assigned to Vendors in various sized blocks as appropriate.

向供应商提供了一系列MAC地址，这些地址可以由IEEE(电气和电子工程师协会)分配给他们的产品。 MAC地址将按适当大小分配给供应商。

• The IEEE offers Registration Authority programs or registries which maintain lists of unique identifiers under standards and issue unique identifiers to those wishing to register them. The IEEE Registration Authority assigns unambiguous names to objects in a way which makes the assignment available to interested parties.
  IEEE提供注册机构计划或注册机构，这些程序或注册机构维护标准下的唯一标识符列表，并向希望注册它们的发行者颁发唯一标识符。 IEEE注册机构以一种使相关方可以进行分配的方式为对象分配明确的名称。

You can go to Vendor/Ethernet/Bluetooth MAC Address Lookup and Search to find the vendor given a particular MAC Address or find a MAC Address Range given to a vendor.

您可以转到供应商/以太网/蓝牙MAC地址查找和搜索以找到给定特定MAC地址的供应商或找到给供应商的MAC地址范围。

Devices are Uniquely Identified by Their MAC Addresses

设备通过其MAC地址唯一标识

This is incorrect. Devices are not uniquely identified by their MAC addresses.

这是不正确的。 设备的MAC地址不能唯一标识。

1. In the past vendors have intentionally or by mistake assigned the same MAC Address to multiple devices.
   过去，供应商有意或无意中将同一MAC地址分配给了多个设备。

2. It is possible to change the MAC Address presented by most hardware to the OS, an action often referred to as MAC spoofing:

   可以更改大多数硬件提供给操作系统的MAC地址，此操作通常称为MAC欺骗 ：

• MAC spoofing is a technique for changing a factory-assigned Media Access Control (MAC) Address of a network interface on a networked device. The MAC Address is hard-coded on a network interface controller (NIC) and cannot be changed. However, there are tools which can make an operating system believe that the NIC has the MAC Address of a user’s choosing.
  MAC欺骗是一种用于更改联网设备上网络接口的出厂分配的媒体访问控制(MAC)地址的技术。 MAC地址在网络接口控制器(NIC)上进行了硬编码，无法更改。 但是，有些工具可以使操作系统相信NIC具有用户选择的MAC地址。

See Also: Are MAC Addresses Unique When Coming Out of the Factory? and MAC Address Recycling?

另请参见： 出厂时MAC地址是否唯一？ 和 MAC地址回收？

Duplicate MAC Addresses

重复的MAC地址

• Manufacturers re-use MAC Addresses and they ship cards with duplicate addresses to different parts of the United States or the world so that there is only a very small chance two computers with network cards with the same MAC Address will end up on the same network.
  制造商重复使用MAC地址，然后将具有重复地址的卡运送到美国或世界其他地方，这样一来，两台具有相同MAC地址的网卡的计算机最终只能出现在同一网络上的可能性很小。
• MAC Addresses are ‘burned’ into the Network Interface Card (NIC) and cannot be changed. See ARP and RARP on how IP addresses are translated into MAC Addresses and vice versa.
  MAC地址已“刻录”到网络接口卡(NIC)中，无法更改。 有关如何将IP地址转换为MAC地址的信息，请参见ARP和RARP，反之亦然。
• In order for a network device to be able to communicate, the MAC Address it is using must be unique. No other device on that local network subnet can use that MAC Address. If two devices have the same MAC Address (which occurs more often than network administrators would like), neither computer can communicate properly. On an Ethernet LAN, this will cause a high number of collisions. Duplicate MAC Addresses on the same LAN are a problem. Duplicate MAC Addresses separated by one or more routers is not a problem since the two devices won’t see each other and will use the router to communicate.
  为了使网络设备能够通信，其使用的MAC地址必须唯一。 该本地网络子网上的其他设备都不能使用该MAC地址。 如果两个设备具有相同的MAC地址(发生频率高于网络管理员希望的水平)，则两台计算机均无法正常通信。 在以太网LAN上，这将导致大量冲突。 同一LAN上的MAC地址重复是一个问题。 一个或多个路由器分隔的重复MAC地址不是问题，因为两个设备不会互相看到，而是会使用路由器进行通信。

Source: Media Access Control

来源： 媒体访问控制

Further Reading

进一步阅读

FAQs: The Registration Authority

常见问题解答：注册机构

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Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

有什么补充说明吗？ 在评论中听起来不错。 是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？ 在此处查看完整的讨论线程 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/228286/how-is-the-uniqueness-of-mac-addresses-enforced/

mac地址唯一性