ftp打开缓慢_为什么最小化的程序经常缓慢重新打开？

ftp打开缓慢

It seems particularly counterintuitive: you minimize an application because you plan on returning to it later and wish to skip shutting the application down and restarting it later, but sometimes maximizing it takes even longer than launching it fresh. What gives?

这似乎特别违反直觉：您将应用程序最小化是因为您计划稍后再返回它，并且希望跳过关闭该应用程序并稍后再重新启动它，但是有时最大化它所需的时间甚至比重新启动它还要更长。 是什么赋予了？

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.

今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。

问题 (The Question)

SuperUser reader Bart wants to know why he’s not saving any time with application minimization:

超级用户阅读器Bart想知道为什么他不节省应用程序最小化的时间：

I’m working in Photoshop CS6 and multiple browsers a lot. I’m not using them all at once, so sometimes some applications are minimized to taskbar for hours or days.

我在Photoshop CS6和许多浏览器中工作。 我不会一次全部使用它们，因此有时某些应用程序会在数小时或数天内最小化到任务栏。

The problem is, when I try to maximize them from the taskbar – it sometimes takes longer than starting them! Especially Photoshop feels really weird for many seconds after finally showing up, it’s slow, unresponsive and even sometimes totally freezes for minute or two.

问题是，当我尝试从任务栏最大化它们时，有时所需时间比启动它们还要长！ 特别是在Photoshop终于出现之后的许多秒钟里，它感觉很奇怪，它缓慢，React迟钝，甚至有时完全冻结一两分钟。

It’s not a hardware problem as it’s been like that since always on all on my PCs.

这不是硬件问题，因为它总是存在于我的PC上。

Would I also notice it after upgrading my HDD to SDD and adding RAM (my main PC holds 4 GB currently)? Could guys with powerful pcs / macs tell me – does it also happen to you?

在将HDD升级到SDD并添加RAM(我的主PC当前容纳4 GB)之后，我还会注意到吗？ 拥有强大PC / Mac的人可以告诉我–您是否也会遇到这种情况？

I guess OSes somehow “focus” on active software and move all the resources away from the ones that run, but are not used. Is it possible to somehow set RAM / CPU / HDD priorities or something, for let’s say, Photoshop, so it won’t slow down after long period of inactivity?

我认为操作系统某种程度上“专注”于活动软件，并将所有资源从正在运行但未使用的资源中移出。 是否可以通过某种方式设置RAM / CPU / HDD优先级或其他一些东西(例如Photoshop)，以便长时间不活动后它不会变慢？

So what is the deal? Why does he find himself waiting to maximize a minimized app?

那怎么办？ 他为什么会发现自己在等待最大化最小化应用程序的等待？

答案 (The Answer)

SuperUser contributor Allquixotic explains why:

超级用户贡献者Allquixotic解释了原因：

Summary

摘要

The immediate problem is that the programs that you have minimized are being paged out to the “page file” on your hard disk. This symptom can be improved by installing a Solid State Disk (SSD), adding more RAM to your system, reducing the number of programs you have open, or upgrading to a newer system architecture (for instance, Ivy Bridge or Haswell). Out of these options, adding more RAM is generally the most effective solution.

直接的问题是，您最小化的程序正在被调出到硬盘上的“页面文件”中。 通过安装固态磁盘(SSD)，为系统添加更多RAM，减少打开的程序数量或升级到较新的系统体系结构(例如，Ivy Bridge或Haswell)，可以改善此症状。 在这些选项中，添加更多的RAM通常是最有效的解决方案。

Explanation

说明

The default behavior of Windows is to give active applications priority over inactive applications for having a spot in RAM. When there’s significant memory pressure (meaning the system doesn’t have a lot of free RAM if it were to let every program have all the RAM it wants), it starts putting minimized programs into the page file, which means it writes out their contents from RAM to disk, and then makes that area of RAM free. That free RAM helps programs you’re actively using — say, your web browser — run faster, because if they need to claim a new segment of RAM (like when you open a new tab), they can do so.

Windows的默认行为是为活动的应用程序提供优先权，以使其在RAM中占有一席之地。 当存在显着的内存压力时(意味着系统没有太多的可用RAM，如果要让每个程序都拥有所需的所有RAM)，它将开始将最小化的程序放入页文件中，这意味着它将写出其内容从RAM到磁盘，然后使该RAM区域空闲。 空闲的RAM可以帮助您正在积极使用的程序(例如Web浏览器)更快地运行，因为如果它们需要声明RAM的新部分(例如，当您打开新标签页时)，它们可以这样做。

This “free” RAM is also used as page cache, which means that when active programs attempt to read data on your hard disk, that data might be cached in RAM, which prevents your hard disk from being accessed to get that data. By using the majority of your RAM for page cache, and swapping out unused programs to disk, Windows is trying to improve responsiveness of the program(s) you are actively using, by making RAM available to them, and caching the files they access in RAM instead of the hard disk.

此“空闲” RAM也用作页面缓存 ，这意味着当活动程序尝试读取硬盘上的数据时，该数据可能会缓存在RAM中，这将阻止访问硬盘以获取该数据。 通过将您的大部分RAM用于页面缓存，并将未使用的程序换出到磁盘，Windows试图通过使它们可用的RAM以及将它们访问的文件缓存在它们中来提高正在使用的程序的响应速度。 RAM而不是硬盘。

The downside of this behavior is that minimized programs can take a while to have their contents copied from the page file, on disk, back into RAM. The time increases the larger the program’s footprint in memory. This is why you experience that delay when maximizing Photoshop.

这种行为的不利之处在于，最小化的程序可能需要一段时间才能将其内容从磁盘上的页面文件复制到RAM中。 时间越大，程序在内存中的占用空间越大。 这就是为什么在最大化Photoshop时会遇到这种延迟的原因。

RAM is many times faster than a hard disk (depending on the specific hardware, it can be up to several orders of magnitude). An SSD is considerably faster than a hard disk, but it is still slower than RAM by orders of magnitude. Having your page file on an SSD will help, but it will also wear out the SSD more quickly than usual if your page file is heavily utilized due to RAM pressure.

RAM比硬盘快许多倍(取决于特定的硬件，它可能高达几个数量级)。 SSD比硬盘快得多，但仍然比RAM慢几个数量级。 将页面文件放在SSD上会有所帮助 ，但是如果由于RAM压力导致页面文件被大量利用，它也会比平常更快地磨损SSD。

Remedies

补救措施

Here is an explanation of the available remedies, and their general effectiveness:

以下是可用补救措施及其一般效力的说明：

• Installing more RAM: This is the recommended path. If your system does not support more RAM than you already have installed, you will need to upgrade more of your system: possibly your motherboard, CPU, chassis, power supply, etc. depending on how old it is. If it’s a laptop, chances are you’ll have to buy an entire new laptop that supports more installed RAM. When you install more RAM, you reduce memory pressure, which reduces use of the page file, which is a good thing all around. You also make available more RAM for page cache, which will make all programs that access the hard disk run faster. As of Q4 2013, my personal recommendation is that you have at least 8 GB of RAM for a desktop or laptop whose purpose is anything more complex than web browsing and email. That means photo editing, video editing/viewing, playing computer games, audio editing or recording, programming / development, etc. all should have at least 8 GB of RAM, if not more.

  安装更多RAM ：这是推荐的路径。 如果您的系统不支持比已安装的内存更多的RAM，则您将需要升级更多的系统：可能是主板，CPU，机箱，电源等，具体取决于它的年代。 如果是笔记本电脑，您可能必须购买一台支持更多已安装RAM的全新笔记本电脑。 当安装更多RAM时，可以减少内存压力 ，从而减少页面文件的使用，这是一件好事。 您还可以为页面缓存提供更多的RAM，这将使所有访问硬盘的程序运行得更快。 截至2013年第4季度，我个人建议您至少有8 GB的RAM用于台式机或笔记本电脑，其用途比Web浏览和电子邮件更复杂。 这意味着照片编辑，视频编辑/查看，玩计算机游戏，音频编辑或录制，编程/开发等。所有这些都应该至少具有8 GB的RAM，如果没有更多的话。

• Run fewer programs at a time: This will only work if the programs you are running do not use a lot of memory on their own. Unfortunately, Adobe Creative Suite products such as Photoshop CS6 are known for using an enormous amount of memory. This also limits your multitasking ability. It’s a temporary, free remedy, but it can be an inconvenience to close down your web browser or Word every time you start Photoshop, for instance. This also wouldn’t stop Photoshop from being swapped when minimizing it, so it really isn’t a very effective solution. It only helps in some specific situations.

  一次运行更少的程序 ：仅当您正在运行的程序自己不使用大量内存时，此方法才有效。 不幸的是，Adobe Creative Suite产品(如Photoshop CS6)因使用大量内存而闻名。 这也限制了您的多任务处理能力。 这是一种临时的免费补救措施，但例如，每次启动Photoshop时关闭网络浏览器或Word都会带来不便。 当最小化它时，这也不会阻止Photoshop交换，因此它实际上不是一个非常有效的解决方案。 它仅在某些特定情况下有帮助。

• Install an SSD: If your page file is on an SSD, the SSD’s improved speed compared to a hard disk will result in generally improved performance when the page file has to be read from or written to. Be aware that SSDs are not designed to withstand a very frequent and constant random stream of writes; they can only be written over a limited number of times before they start to break down. Heavy use of a page file is not a particularly good workload for an SSD. You should install an SSD in combination with a large amount of RAM if you want maximum performance while preserving the longevity of the SSD.

  安装SSD ：如果您的页面文件位于SSD上，则在必须读取或写入页面文件时，与硬盘相比，SSD的速度提高了，总体而言，性能也会得到改善。 请注意，SSD并非旨在承受非常频繁且持续不断的随机写入流。 在它们开始崩溃之前，它们只能被写入有限的次数。 对于SSD来说，大量使用页面文件并不是特别好的工作量。 如果要在保持SSD寿命的同时获得最佳性能，则应结合大量RAM来安装SSD。

• Use a newer system architecture: Depending on the age of your system, you may be using an out of date system architecture. The “system architecture” is generally defined as the “generation” (think generations like children, parents, grandparents, etc.) of the motherboard and CPU. Newer generations generally support faster I/O (input/output), better memory bandwidth, lower latency, and less contention over shared resources, instead providing dedicated links between components. For example, starting with the “Nehalem” generation (around 2009), the Front-Side Bus (FSB) was eliminated, which removed a common bottleneck, because almost all system components had to share the same FSB for transmitting data. This was replaced with a “point to point” architecture, meaning that each component gets its own dedicated “lane” to the CPU, which continues to be improved every few years with new generations. You will generally see a more significant improvement in overall system performance depending on the “gap” between your computer’s architecture and the latest one available. For example, a Pentium 4 architecture from 2004 is going to see a much more significant improvement upgrading to “Haswell” (the latest as of Q4 2013) than a “Sandy Bridge” architecture from ~2010.

  使用更新的系统架构 ：根据系统的使用年限，您可能会使用过时的系统架构。 “系统架构”通常定义为主板和CPU的“一代”(例如孩子，父母，祖父母等几代人)。 新一代通常支持更快的I / O(输入/输出)，更好的内存带宽，更低的延迟以及更少的共享资源争用，而是在组件之间提供专用链接。 例如，从“ Nehalem”一代开始(大约在2009年)，取消了前端总线(FSB)，这消除了常见的瓶颈，因为几乎所有系统组件都必须共享相同的FSB来传输数据。 取而代之的是“点对点”架构，这意味着每个组件都有自己专用的CPU“通道”，随着新一代产品的不断改进，这种情况每隔几年就会得到改善。 通常，根据计算机体系结构与最新架构之间的“差距”，您通常会看到整体系统性能的更显着改善。 例如，从2004年开始的Pentium 4架构将比从2010年开始的“桑迪桥”架构升级到“ Haswell”(2013年第四季度的最新版本)，会有更大的改进。

Links

链接

Related questions:

相关问题：

How to reduce disk thrashing (paging)?

如何减少磁盘抖动(分页)？

Windows Swap (Page File): Enable or Disable?

Windows交换(页面文件)：启用还是禁用？

Also, just in case you’re considering it, you really shouldn’t disable the page file, as this will only make matters worse; see here.

另外，以防万一，您真的不应该禁用页面文件，因为这只会使情况变得更糟。 看这里 。

And, in case you needed extra convincing to leave the Windows Page File alone, see here and here.

并且，如果您需要额外的说服力来单独保留Windows页面文件，请参见此处和此处 。

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Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

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翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/174311/why-are-minimize-programs-often-slow-to-open-again/

ftp打开缓慢