电子邮件如何丢失？

There is nothing quite as frustrating as having an important e-mail someone sent you never arrive, and all without either party knowing what happened to it. Today’s SuperUser Q&A post looks at the problems that might stop an e-mail from ever arriving at its intended destination.

没有什么比有人发送一封重要电子邮件永远不会到来更令人沮丧的了，而且所有人都没有一方知道发生了什么。 今天的SuperUser Q＆A帖子着眼于可能阻止电子邮件到达其预定目的地的问题。

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.

今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。

Photo courtesy of HKmPUA (Flickr).

图片由HKmPUA(Flickr)提供 。

问题 (The Question)

SuperUser reader otisonoza wants to know how an e-mail can get lost:

超级用户阅读器otisonoza希望了解如何丢失电子邮件：

This happened to me yesterday. Someone claimed she sent me an e-mail, but I did not receive it. It is not in my Inbox, Spam, Trash, etc. It is nowhere to be found. How is this possible (assuming there is no user error)? Where can things go wrong along the way?

昨天发生在我身上。 有人声称她给我发送了一封电子邮件，但我没有收到。 它不在我的“收件箱”，“垃圾邮件”，“垃圾箱”中。找不到任何地方。 这怎么可能(假设没有用户错误)？ 一路上哪里会出问题？

What are the problems an e-mail might encounter along the way that would stop it from arriving in someone’s inbox?

电子邮件在阻止邮件到达某人的收件箱的过程中可能遇到什么问题？

答案 (The Answer)

SuperUser contributors Sammitch and Hennes have the answer for us. First up, Sammitch:

超级用户贡献者Sammitch和Hennes为我们找到了答案。 首先，Sammitch：

Tracing the path from the sender to you:

跟踪从发件人到您的路径：

1. It never actually sent. A lot of people do not even notice that a message is sitting in their outbox, unable to be sent for any number of reasons.

1.它从未真正发送过。 很多人甚至没有注意到邮件正在发件箱中，由于多种原因而无法发送。

2. The mail client successfully sent it to the SMTP server, but the SMTP server has not been able to forward it on to the next hop.

2.邮件客户端已成功将其发送到SMTP服务器，但是SMTP服务器无法将其转发到下一跳。

• The SMTP server might be so busy that it has a backlog of messages to process, there might be a delay of several hours.
  SMTP服务器可能很忙，以至于有待处理的邮件积压，可能会延迟几个小时。

• The SMTP server might have tried to send it, but the receiving server ‘could not/would not’ immediately accept it (deferral). The sending server will continue to attempt delivery, and most servers will do this for up to two days or more before bouncing the message back to you as undeliverable.

  SMTP服务器可能试图发送它，但是接收服务器“不能/不会”立即接受它(延迟)。 发送服务器将继续尝试传递邮件，大多数服务器将在长达两天或更长时间的时间内进行尝试，然后将邮件退回给您，作为无法传递的邮件。

• The receiving server may have rejected the message outright (blacklisted, spam scan, mailbox full, non-existent user) and the sending server either can not or will not send a bounce message back to you.
  接收服务器可能已完全拒绝了该邮件(列入黑名单，垃圾邮件扫描，邮箱已满，用户不存在)，并且发送服务器无法或不会将退回邮件发送回给您。

3. The message was accepted by the receiving server, but…

3.邮件已被接收服务器接受，但是…

• The receiving server is backlogged and the message is sitting in a queue waiting to be processed/delivered.
  接收服务器被积压，消息坐在队列中等待处理/传递。
• The message was flagged as spam and dropped. This is bad practice since the message should have been rejected outright, but many servers do this (I suspect Gmail of doing this from time to time).
  该邮件被标记为垃圾邮件并被丢弃。 这是一种不好的做法，因为该邮件应该被完全拒绝，但是许多服务器都这样做(我怀疑Gmail会不时这样做)。
• The message was somehow undeliverable and either the server is configured to not send a bounce message, or the bounce message itself is undeliverable.
  该邮件无法传送，并且服务器配置为不发送退回邮件，或者退回邮件本身无法传送。

4. The message was delivered somewhere in your account, but…

4.邮件已发送到您帐户中的某个位置 ，但是…

• Your e-mail client has not properly synced with the server. Close and reopen it.
  您的电子邮件客户端未正确与服务器同步。 关闭并重新打开它。
• You are not looking hard enough. I know this sounds petty, but the majority of the time this is it and it is incredibly frustrating to resolve because people take insult in being asked to double check something so simple that they “could not possibly be wrong”.
  您看起来不够努力。 我知道这听起来很琐碎，但是在大多数情况下都是这样，解决起来非常令人沮丧，因为人们侮辱了要求人们仔细检查一件如此简单的事情，以至于他们“不可能错”。

Source: I administrate e-mail servers.

资料来源：我管理电子邮件服务器。

Because the majority of person-to-person personal e-mail messages flow easily through the mail system and are delivered near-instantly, people take that speed for granted and treat e-mail like an instant messenger. Under certain circumstances your perfectly legitimate, 3-word e-mail might take several minutes, hours, or even days to be delivered.

由于大多数人与人之间的个人电子邮件易于通过邮件系统传递，并且几乎即时传递，因此人们将这种速度视为理所当然，并将电子邮件像即时通讯程序一样对待。 在某些情况下，您完全合法的3字电子邮件可能需要几分钟，几小时甚至几天的时间才能送达。

Be patient.

耐心一点。

Followed by the answer from Hennes:

随后是Hennes的回答：

Things can go wrong in lots of places.

在很多地方，事情可能会出错。

Mail follows a path from server to server. One of those could have crashed after receiving the mail, but before passing it on.

邮件遵循从服务器到服务器的路径。 其中一个可能在收到邮件之后但在传递之前崩溃了。

Or it could have been identified as spam. Depending on your source, 95% to 98% of all e-mail is undesired spam. Some of those are recognized and put into a special folder. Some of them are simply dropped without notification. I have had this happen to me with scanned documents (from an MFC ‘printer’ which ‘scanned to a PDF e-mail’) at the time when PDFs were popular with spammers.

或者它可能已被识别为垃圾邮件。 根据您的来源，所有电子邮件中有95％到98％是垃圾邮件。 其中一些会被识别并放入特殊文件夹中。 其中一些只是被丢弃而无需通知。 当PDF在垃圾邮件发送者中流行时，我曾通过扫描文档(从MFC“打印机”“扫描到PDF电子邮件”)发生这种情况。

We eventually tracked down the problem after sending simple test e-mails containing only raw text, they arrived, but anything with only a PDF failed to arrive. For this, you would need the help of the people managing the receiving mail servers, and they will ask you some questions such as the exact time you sent your e-mail (without that they need to go through a lot of logs). With the precise time, they can at least confirm if the e-mail was received or not.

在发送仅包含原始文本的简单测试电子邮件之后，我们最终找到了问题，但是只有PDF的任何电子邮件都无法到达。 为此，您将需要管理接收邮件服务器的人员的帮助，他们将向您询问一些问题，例如您发送电子邮件的确切时间(而无需他们处理大量日志)。 通过准确的时间，他们至少可以确认是否收到了电子邮件。

Needless to say, ask the user to look in their spam folder before raising a problem with the relevant postmaster.

不用说，请用户先查看其垃圾邮件文件夹，然后再对相关的邮件管理员提出问题。

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Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

有什么补充说明吗？ 在评论中听起来不错。 是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？ 在此处查看完整的讨论线程 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/188201/how-can-electronic-mail-get-lost/