万用表使用_如何使用万用表

万用表使用

If you’re doing any kind of electrical work—no matter what the application is—one of the best tools you can have at your disposal is a multimeter. If you’re just getting started, here’s how to use one and what all those confusing symbols mean.

如果您要进行任何形式的电气工作(无论应用程序是什么)，万用表都是您可以使用的最好的工具之一。 如果您只是入门，那么这里是使用方法以及所有这些令人困惑的符号的含义。

In this guide, I’ll be referring to my own multimeter and using that as our example throughout this guide. Yours might be slightly different in some ways, but all multimeters are similar for the most part.

在本指南中，我将引用自己的万用表，并将其用作本指南的示例。 您的某些表可能会有些许不同，但大多数万用表在大多数情况下都是相似的。

您应该获得哪种万用表？ (Which Multimeter Should You Get?)

There’s really not one single multimeter that you should shoot for, and it really depends on what features you want (or even features that you don’t need).

确实没有一个单一的万用表需要拍摄，它实际上取决于所需的功能(甚至不需要的功能)。

You can get something basic like this $8 model, which comes with everything you would need. Or you can spend a bit more cash and get something fancier, like this one from AstroAI. It comes with an auto-ranging feature, which means you don’t have to select a specific number value and worry about it being too high or low. It can also measure frequency and even temperature.

您可以获得基本的东西，例如8美元的模型 ，它包含您需要的一切。 或者，您可以花更多的现金来获得更高级的产品，例如AstroAI的产品 。 它具有自动量程功能，这意味着您不必选择特定的数字值，也不必担心它的值太高或太低。 它也可以测量频率甚至温度。

所有符号是什么意思？ (What Do All the Symbols Mean?)

There’s a lot going on when you look at the selection knob on a multimeter, but if you’re only going to be doing some basic stuff, you won’t even use half of all the settings. In any case, here’s a rundown of what each symbol means on my multimeter:

当您查看万用表上的选择旋钮时，会发生很多事情，但是如果您只打算做一些基本的事情，您甚至都不会使用所有设置的一半。 无论如何，这是万用表上每个符号含义的简要说明：

• Direct Current Voltage (DCV): Sometimes it will be denoted with a V– instead. This setting is used to measure direct current (DC) voltage in things like batteries.

  直流电压(DCV)：有时用V–代替。 此设置用于测量诸如电池之类的直流(DC)电压。

• Alternating Current Voltage (ACV): Sometimes it will be denoted with a V~ instead. This setting is used to measure the voltage from alternating current sources, which is pretty much anything that plugs into an outlet, as well as the power coming from the outlet itself.

  交流电压(ACV)：有时会被带V〜表示代替。 此设置用于测量来自交流电源的电压(几乎是插入插座的任何东西)以及来自插座本身的功率。

• Resistance (Ω): This measures how much resistance there is in the circuit. The lower the number, the easier it is for the current to flow through, and vice versa.

  电阻(Ω)：它测量电路中有多少电阻。 数字越小，电流越容易流过，反之亦然。

• Continuity: Usually denoted by a wave or diode symbol. This simply tests whether or not a circuit is complete by sending a very small amount of current through the circuit and seeing if it makes it out the other end. If not, then there’s something along the circuit that’s causing a problem—find it!

  连续性：通常用波浪或二极管符号表示。 这只是通过向电路发送少量电流并查看其是否从另一端通过来测试电路是否完整。 如果不是这样，则说明电路中存在引起问题的原因-找到它！

• Direct Current Amperage (DCA): Similar to DCV, but instead of giving you a voltage reading, it will tell you the amperage.

  直流电流(DCA)：与DCV相似，但是它不会告诉您电压读数，而是会告诉您安培数。

• Direct Current Gain (hFE): This setting is to test transistors and their DC gain, but it’s mostly useless, since most electricians and hobbyists will use the continuity check instead.

  直流增益(hFE)：此设置用于测试晶体管及其DC增益，但是它几乎没有用，因为大多数电工和业余爱好者都将使用连续性检查。

Your multimeter might also have a dedicated setting for testing the amperage of AA, AAA, and 9V batteries. This setting is usually denoted with the battery symbol.

您的万用表可能还具有用于测试AA，AAA和9V电池安培数的专用设置。 此设置通常用电池符号表示。

Again, you probably won’t even use half of the settings shown, so don’t get overwhelmed if you only know what a few of them do.

同样，您甚至可能不会使用显示的一半设置，因此如果您只知道其中一些设置，就不会感到不知所措。

如何使用万用表 (How to Use a Multimeter)

For starters, lets go over some of the different parts of a multimeter. At the very basic level you have the device itself, along with two probes, which are the black and red cables that have plugs on one end and metal tips on the other.

首先，让我们来看看万用表的一些不同部分。 从最基本的层面上讲，您拥有设备本身以及两个探针，它们是黑色和红色电缆，一端带有插头，另一端带有金属尖端。

The multimeter itself has a display at the top, which gives you your readout, and there’s a big selection knob that you can spin around to select a specific setting. Each setting may also have different number values, which are there to measure different strengths of voltages, resistances, and amps. So if you have your multimeter set to 20 in the DCV section, the multimeter will measure voltages up to 20 volts.

万用表本身在顶部有一个显示屏，可为您提供读数，并且有一个很大的选择旋钮，您可以旋转选择特定的设置。 每个设置还可以具有不同的数值，这些数值用于测量电压，电阻和安培的不同强度。 因此，如果将DCV部分中的万用表设置为20，则该万用表将测量高达20伏的电压。

Your multimeter will also have two or three ports for plugging in the probes (pictured above):

万用表还将具有两个或三个端口，用于插入探针(如上图所示)：

• The COM port stands for “Common”, and the black probe will always plug into this port.

  COM端口代表“ Common”，黑色探头将始终插入该端口。

• The VΩmA port (sometimes denoted as mAVΩ) is simply an acronym for voltage, resistance, and current (in milliamps). This is where the red probe will plug into if you’re measuring voltage, resistance, continuity, and current less than 200mA.

  VΩmA端口(有时表示为mAVΩ )只是电压，电阻和电流(以毫安为单位 )的首字母缩写。 如果您要测量电压，电阻，连续性和小于200mA的电流，则将红色探针插入此处。

• The 10ADC port (sometimes denoted as just 10A) is used whenever you’re measuring current that’s more than 200mA. If you’re not sure of the current draw, start with this port. On the other hand, you would not use this port at all if you’re measuring anything other than current.

  每当您测量大于200mA的电流时，都会使用10ADC端口(有时表示为10A )。 如果不确定当前绘制，请从此端口开始。 另一方面，如果要测量电流以外的任何其他值，则根本不会使用该端口。

Warning: Make sure that if you’re measuring anything with a current higher than 200mA, you plug the red probe into the 10A port, rather than the 200mA port. Otherwise you could blow the fuse that’s inside of the multimeter. Furthermore, measuring anything over 10 amps could blow a fuse or destroy the multimeter as well.

警告：如果要测量的电流大于200mA，请确保将红色探头插入10A端口而不是200mA端口。 否则，您可能会烧断万用表内部的保险丝。 此外，测量超过10安培的电流可能会烧断保险丝或损坏万用表。

Your multimeter might have completely separate ports for measuring amps, while the other port is specifically just for voltage, resistance, and continuity, but most cheaper multimeters will share ports.

您的万用表可能有用于测量安培的完全独立的端口，而另一个端口专门用于电压，电阻和连续性，但最便宜的万用表将共享端口。

Anyway, let’s get started actually using a multimeter. We’ll be measuring the voltage of a AA battery, the current draw of a wall clock, and the continuity of a simple wire as some examples to get you started and familiar with using a multimeter.

无论如何，让我们开始真正使用万用表。 我们将测量AA电池的电压，挂钟的电流消耗以及简单电线的连续性，以帮助您入门和熟悉使用万用表。

测试电压 (Testing Voltage)

Start by turning on your multimeter, plugging the probes into their respective ports and then setting the selection knob to the highest number value in the DCV section, which in my case is 500 volts. If you don’t know at least the voltage range of the thing you’re measuring, it’s always a good idea to start with the highest value first and then work your way down until you get an accurate reading. You’ll see what we mean.

首先打开万用表，将探头插入各自的端口，然后将选择旋钮设置为DCV部分中的最高数值，在我的情况下为500伏。 如果您至少不知道被测物体的电压范围，始终最好先从最高值开始，然后逐渐降低直到获得准确的读数。 您会明白我们的意思。

In this case, we know the AA battery has a very low voltage, but we’ll start at 200 volts just for the sake of example. Next, place the black probe on the negative end of the battery and the red probe on the positive end. Take a look at the reading on the screen. Since we have the multimeter set to a high 200 volts, it shows “1.6” on the screen, meaning 1.6 volts.

在这种情况下，我们知道AA电池的电压非常低，但仅出于示例目的，我们将从200伏特开始。 接下来，将黑色探针放在电池的负极，红色探针放在正极。 看一下屏幕上的读数。 由于我们将万用表设置为200伏高，因此它在屏幕上显示“ 1.6”，即1.6伏。

However, I want a more accurate reading, so I’ll move the selection knob lower down to 20 volts. Here, you can see that we have a more accurate reading that hovers between 1.60 and 1.61 volts. Good enough for me.

但是，我想要更准确的读数，因此将选择旋钮降低到20伏。 在这里，您可以看到我们的读数更加准确，徘徊在1.60到1.61伏之间。 对我来说足够好了。

If you were to ever set the selection knob to a number value lower than the voltage of the thing you’re testing, the multimeter would just read “1”, signifying that it’s overloaded. So if I were to set the knob to 200 millivolts (0.2 volts), the 1.6 volts of the AA battery is too much for the multimeter to handle at that setting.

如果将选择旋钮设置为一个比要测试的物体的电压低的数字值，则万用表将仅显示“ 1”，表示它已过载。 因此，如果将旋钮设置为200毫伏(0.2伏)，AA​​电池的1.6伏电压对于万用表在该设置下来说实在是太高了。

In any case, you might be asking why you would need to test the voltage of something in the first place. Well, in this case with the AA battery, we’re checking to see if it has any juice left. At 1.6 volts, that’s a fully-loaded battery. However, if it were to read 1.2 volts, it’s close to being unusable.

无论如何，您可能会问为什么首先需要测试某些东西的电压。 好吧，在这种情况下，使用AA电池，我们正在检查它是否还有剩余的果汁。 在1.6伏特时，这是一个充满电的电池。 但是，如果要读取1.2伏，则几乎无法使用。

In a more practical situation, you could do this type of measuring on a car battery to see if it might be dying or if the alternator (which is what charges the battery) is going bad. A reading between 12.4-12.7 volts means that the battery is in good shape. Anything lower and that’s evidence of a dying battery. Furthermore, start your car up and rev it up a bit. If the voltage doesn’t increase to around 14 volts or so, then it’s likely that the alternator is having issues.

在更实际的情况下，您可以对汽车电池进行这种类型的测量，以查看其是否即将耗尽或交流发电机(为电池充电)是否变坏。 介于12.4-12.7伏之间的读数表示电池状态良好。 任何较低的电量都表明电池即将耗尽。 此外，启动您的汽车并稍加修理。 如果电压没有增加到14伏左右，则可能是交流发电机出了问题。

测试电流(安培) (Testing Current (Amps))

Testing the current draw of something is a bit trickier, as the multimeter needs to be connected in series. This means that the circuit you’re testing needs to be broken first, and then your multimeter is placed in between that break to connect the circuit back up. Basically, you have to interrupt the flow of current in a way—you can’t just stick the probes onto the circuit wherever.

测试万用表的电流消耗有些棘手，因为万用表需要串联。 这意味着要测试的电路首先需要断开，然后将万用表放在该断开之间以将电路备份起来。 基本上，您必须以某种方式中断电流的流动，您不能随便将探针粘贴到电路上。

Above is a crude mockup of what this would look like with a basic clock running off of a AA battery. On the positive side, the wire going from the battery to the clock is broken up. We simply place our two probes in between that break to complete the circuit again (with the red probe connected to the power source), only this time our multimeter will read out the amps that the clock is pulling, which in this case is around 0.08 mA.

上面是一个粗略的模型，它显示了用AA电池供电的基本时钟的外观。 从正面看，从电池到时钟的导线断开了。 我们只需将两个探头插入该中断之间，以再次完成电路(红色探头连接到电源)，只有这次我们的万用表才能读出时钟拉动的安培，在这种情况下约为0.08嘛。

While most multimeters can also measure alternating current (AC), it’s not really a good idea (especially if its live power), since AC can be dangerous if you end up making a mistake. If you need to see whether or not an outlet is working, use a non-contact tester instead.

尽管大多数万用表也可以测量交流电(AC)，但这并不是一个好主意(尤其是在带电情况下)，因为如果您最终犯错，交流电可能会很危险。 如果需要查看电源插座是否正常工作，请使用非接触式测试仪 。

测试连续性 (Testing Continuity)

Now, let’s test the continuity of a circuit. In our case, we’ll be simplifying things quite a bit and will just use a copper wire, but you can pretend that there’s a complex circuit in between the two ends, or that the wire is an audio cable and you want to make sure it’s working fine.

现在，让我们测试电路的连续性。 在我们的例子中，我们将简化很多事情，只使用铜线，但是您可以假装两端之间存在复杂的电路，或者该线是音频电缆，并且您需要确保工作正常。

Set your multimeter to the continuity setting using the selection knob.

使用选择旋钮将万用表设置为连续性设置。

The readout on the screen will instantly read “1”, which means that there isn’t any continuity. This would be correct since we haven’t connected the probes to anything yet.

屏幕上的读数将立即显示为“ 1”，这意味着没有任何连续性。 这是正确的，因为我们还没有将探针连接到任何东西。

Next, make sure the circuit is unplugged and has no power. Then connect one probe to one end of the wire and the other probe to the other end—it doesn’t matter which probe goes on which end. If there is a complete circuit, your multimeter will either beep, show a “0”, or something other than a “1”. If it still shows a “1”, then there’s a problem and your circuit isn’t complete.

接下来，确保电路已拔下并且没有电源。 然后将一个探针连接到电线的一端，将另一个探针连接到另一端-哪个探针在哪一端都没关系。 如果电路完整，您的万用表将发出蜂鸣声，显示“ 0”或“ 1”以外的内容。 如果仍然显示“ 1”，则说明存在问题，并且电路不完整。

You can also test that the continuity feature works on your multimeter by touching both probes to each other. This completes the circuit and your multimeter should let you know that.

您还可以通过使两个探针相互接触来测试连续性功能是否在万用表上正常工作。 这样就完成了电路，万用表应告知您。

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Those are some of the basics, but be sure to read over your multimeter’s manual for any specifics. This guide is meant to be a starting point to get you up and running, and it’s very possible that some things shown above are different on your particular model.

这些是一些基础知识，但请务必仔细阅读万用表的手册以获取任何详细信息。 本指南是您入门和开始工作的起点，并且上面显示的某些内容在您的特定型号上很可能会有所不同。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/318722/how-to-use-a-multimeter/

万用表使用