如何在Ubuntu 18.04 LTS上安装桌面主题

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, which uses the GNOME Shell desktop by default, doesn’t include a way to change your desktop theme. Whether you’re looking for a bright blue theme or a nice dark theme, here’s how to customize your desktop.

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (默认情况下使用GNOME Shell桌面)不包含更改桌面主题的方法。 无论您要寻找的是明亮的蓝色主题还是不错的深色主题，这都是自定义桌面的方法。

While it doesn’t include many customization options by default, the GNOME Shell desktop is very customizable. For example, you can even use extensions and themes to make Ubuntu look a lot like Windows.

尽管默认情况下它不包含许多自定义选项，但是GNOME Shell桌面是可高度自定义的。 例如，您甚至可以使用扩展名和主题使Ubuntu看起来很像Windows 。

如何更改桌面主题 (How to Change Desktop Themes)

We recommend installing the GNOME Tweaks application, formerly known as GNOME Tweak Tool, to change your theme.

我们建议安装GNOME Tweaks应用程序(以前称为GNOME Tweak工具)来更改主题。

To install it graphically, open the Ubuntu Software application, search for “tweaks,” and then install the GNOME Tweaks application.

要以图形方式安装它，请打开Ubuntu软件应用程序，搜索“ tweaks”，然后安装GNOME Tweaks应用程序。

To install GNOME Tweaks from a terminal window, run the following command instead:

要从终端窗口安装GNOME Tweaks，请改为运行以下命令：

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

After you’ve installed this tool, you can launch the “Tweaks” shortcut in the desktop’s applications menu to open it.

安装此工具后，您可以在桌面的应用程序菜单中启动“ Tweaks”快捷方式以将其打开。

In the Tweaks window, select the “Appearance” category and use the options under Themes to change your theme settings.

在“调整”窗口中，选择“外观”类别，然后使用“主题”下的选项来更改主题设置。

By default, Ubuntu uses the “Ambiance” theme for Applications (this is also known as the GTK3 theme), the DMZ-White theme for your mouse cursor, and the Ubuntu-mono-dark icon theme.

默认情况下，Ubuntu对应用程序使用“ Ambiance”主题(也称为GTK3主题)，将DMZ-White主题用作鼠标光标，以及Ubuntu-mono-dark图标主题。

The Shell theme option isn’t available by default, but controls the style of the desktop shell—for example, the panel at the top of your screen and the applications menu.

“外壳”主题选项默认情况下不可用，但可以控制桌面外壳的样式，例如，屏幕顶部的面板和应用程序菜单。

Several other themes are already installed. For example, you can enable the GNOME desktop’s default Adwaita and Adwaita-dark themes with a few clicks. These themes use more blues, and are a good choice if you want something that’s polished, but without Ubuntu’s standard orange colors. The Adwaita theme uses whites and blues, while the Adwaita-dark theme uses dark grays and blues.

已经安装了其他几个主题。 例如，您可以单击几下启用GNOME桌面的默认Adwaita和Adwaita-dark主题。 这些主题使用更多的蓝色，如果您想要抛光但没有Ubuntu标准的橙色，则是一个不错的选择。 Adwaita主题使用白色和蓝色，而Adwaita-dark主题使用深灰色和蓝色。

You can also enable the Adwaita icon theme from here, although the Adwaita icons are incomplete by default.

您也可以从此处启用Adwaita图标主题，尽管Adwaita图标默认情况下是不完整的。

To install the full Adwaita icon theme, open a terminal window from the desktop’s applications menu.

要安装完整的Adwaita图标主题，请从桌面的应用程序菜单中打开一个终端窗口。

Run the following command and enter your password when prompted:

运行以下命令，并在出现提示时输入密码：

sudo apt install adwaita-icon-theme-full

如何安装流行的Arc主题 (How to Install the Popular Arc Theme)

Arc is one of the most popular Linux GTK themes. It’s a modern flat theme with some transparent elements, and it uses blue accents instead of Ubuntu’s normal orange accents. It’s available in both light and dark variants.

Arc是最受欢迎Linux GTK主题之一。 这是一个带有一些透明元素的现代扁平化主题，它使用蓝色装饰而不是Ubuntu的常规橙色装饰。 它有浅色和深色两种版本。

To install the Arc theme, open a Terminal window and run the following command. Enter your password and type “Y” to confirm, when prompted:

要安装Arc主题，请打开“终端”窗口并运行以下命令。 出现提示时，输入密码并键入“ Y”进行确认：

sudo apt install arc-theme

You can select the Arc, Arc-Dark, or Arc-Darker themes from the Tweaks application. If the Tweaks application is already running, you’ll need to close and reopen it after installing your new theme.

您可以从Tweaks应用程序中选择Arc，Arc-Dark或Arc-Darker主题。 如果Tweaks应用程序已在运行，则需要在安装新主题后关闭并重新打开它。

The Arc theme is blue and white, the Arc-Darker theme is blue and dark gray, and the Arc-Lighter theme is the standard blue and white theme, but with dark gray title bars and side bars. The full Adwaita icon theme goes fairly well with this application theme.

Arc主题为蓝色和白色，Arc-Darker主题为蓝色和深灰色，Arc-Lighter主题为标准的蓝色和白色主题，但带有深灰色的标题栏和侧边栏。 完整的Adwaita图标主题与此应用程序主题非常吻合。

如何安装更多主题 (How to Install More Themes)

There are several ways to install more themes. You can install them from Ubuntu’s software repositories, get them from a personal package archive (PPA), download .deb packages that contain themes, or manually install extract themes from downloaded .zip or .tar.gz files.

有几种安装更多主题的方法。 您可以从Ubuntu的软件存储库中安装它们，从个人软件包存档(PPA)中获取它们，下载包含主题的.deb软件包，或从下载的.zip或.tar.gz文件中手动安装提取主题。

You may want to search for lists of Ubuntu themes online so you can decide which ones you’d like to install. Each theme will provide instructions on its installation, often in its README file or on its download page. Always follow these instructions, as some themes require additional software or special installation steps.

您可能需要在线搜索Ubuntu主题列表，以便确定要安装的主题。 每个主题通常会在其README文件或下载页面中提供安装说明。 始终遵循这些说明，因为某些主题需要其他软件或特殊的安装步骤。

如何安装主题包 (How to Install Theme Packages)

To install themes located in Ubuntu’s standard software repositories, just use a normal apt command and give it the name of the theme’s package. Both GTK (application) and icon themes are available from here, although only a handful of themes are located in the repositories.

要安装位于Ubuntu标准软件存储库中的主题，只需使用常规的apt命令并为其指定主题包的名称即可。 GTK(应用程序)和图标主题都可以从此处获得，尽管存储库中仅包含少数主题。

For example, to install the Numix GTK and icon theme, which uses more red accents, run the following command:

例如，要安装使用更多红色重点的Numix GTK和图标主题，请运行以下命令：

sudo apt install numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme

You can then enable your isntalled theme from the Tweaks app.

然后，您可以从“ Tweaks”应用程序启用您的主题主题。

Other themes are located in personal package archives, or PPAs. You’ll have to add the PPA to your system and then use an apt command to install the theme from the repository. If you find a theme that requires a PPA, it will provide you with the address of the PPA and instructions for adding it to your system. After you’ve added the PPA, just run the appropriate apt command to install the theme package on your system—the theme’s installation instructions will generally tell you which command you need to run, too.

其他主题位于个人包装档案或PPA中。 您必须将PPA添加到系统中 ，然后使用apt命令从存储库中安装主题。 如果找到需要PPA的主题，它将为您提供PPA的地址以及将其添加到系统的说明。 添加PPA之后，只需运行适当的apt命令以在系统上安装主题包-主题的安装说明通常会告诉您也需要运行哪个命令。

In some cases, themes may be distributed as .deb files. In this case, you can simply download the .deb file, double-click it, and tell Ubuntu to install it on your system. Make sure that you’re downloading a .deb file that was built for the version of Ubuntu you’re running.

在某些情况下，主题可以作为.deb文件分发。 在这种情况下，您只需下载.deb文件，双击它，然后告诉Ubuntu将其安装在您的系统上。 确保下载的是为正在运行的Ubuntu版本构建的.deb文件。

Note that you should only add PPAs and install software from sources that you trust.

请注意，您仅应添加PPA并从您信任的来源安装软件。

如何手动提取主题 (How to Manually Extract Themes)

Some themes, including some of the ones on the GNOME-Look.org theme website, require you manually extract them to the appropriate folders. As an example, we will demonstrate this process with the Ant theme.

某些主题，包括GNOME-Look.org主题网站上的某些主题，需要您手动将它们提取到相应的文件夹中。 作为示例，我们将使用Ant主题演示此过程。

To install it, we first go to its download page, click the “Files” link, and then download one of the files. The Ant theme provides many different files you can download—that’s because there are many different variations—but we’ll just download the standard Ant theme, which is the “Ant.tar” file.

要安装它，我们首先进入其下载页面，单击“文件”链接，然后下载其中一个文件。 Ant主题提供了许多您可以下载的文件-这是因为存在许多不同的变化-但是我们将仅下载标准的Ant主题，即“ Ant.tar”文件。

Double-click the downloaded file to open it in the Archive Manager tool.

双击下载的文件以在“存档管理器”工具中将其打开。

Next, open your home folder in the file manager, and then press Ctrl+H to view hidden files. Double-click the “.themes” folder if you see it. If you don’t, right-click here, click “New Folder,” and then name your new folder “.themes”.

接下来，在文件管理器中打开您的主文件夹，然后按Ctrl + H来查看隐藏的文件。 如果看到它，请双击“ .themes”文件夹。 如果没有，请右键单击此处，单击“新建文件夹”，然后将新文件夹命名为“ .themes”。

Extract the theme folder from the downloaded archive to the .themes folder. The theme should be in its own folder with its own name—for example, the Ant folder should be at .themes/Ant.

将主题文件夹从下载的存档中提取到.themes文件夹。 主题应位于具有自己名称的其自己的文件夹中，例如，Ant文件夹应位于.themes / Ant。

To install an icon theme, you must instead create a “.icons” folder in your main home folder, and then place the theme file in there.

要安装图标主题，必须改为在主主文件夹中创建一个“ .icons”文件夹，然后将主题文件放置在其中。

In other words, Application themes (GTK themes) go in .themes, while icon themes go in .icons.

换句话说，应用程序主题(GTK主题)位于.themes中，而图标主题则位于.icons中。

To make the file manager stop showing hidden files and folders, press Ctrl+H once again.

要使文件管理器停止显示隐藏的文件和文件夹，请再次按Ctrl + H。

As usual, you can enable your installed theme from the Tweaks application. If Tweaks was running when you installed the theme, you’ll need to close and reopen it.

与往常一样，您可以从Tweaks应用程序中启用已安装的主题。 如果安装主题时Tweaks正在运行，则需要关闭并重新打开它。

如何更改外壳主题 (How to Change Shell Themes)

Hopefully, you’ve found a theme you like and installed it by now. There’s just one problem: the rest of your desktop. While it’s easy to change your desktop background—just right-click the desktop, select “Change Background,” and then pick any image you like—changing the standard oranges and dark grays used on the GNOME Shell panel require a little bit more work.

希望您已经找到了喜欢的主题，并立即安装了它。 只有一个问题：桌面的其余部分。 更改桌面背景很容易-只需右键单击桌面，选择“更改背景”，然后选择所需的任何图像-更改GNOME Shell面板上使用的标准橙色和深灰色需要更多的工作。

To unlock the grayed out Shell icon theme option in Tweaks, you must install a GNOME Shell extension. To do so, run the following command in a terminal window:

要解锁Tweaks中变灰的Shell图标主题选项，必须安装GNOME Shell扩展。 为此，请在终端窗口中运行以下命令：

sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions

Enter your password, and then type “Y” to confirm when prompted.

输入密码，然后在出现提示时键入“ Y”进行确认。

Log out, and then log back in after installing the extensions. If you don’t, GNOME Shell and GNOME Tweaks won’t see your newly installed extensions.

注销，然后在安装扩展后重新登录。 如果您不这样做，则GNOME Shell和GNOME Tweaks将看不到您新安装的扩展。

Launch the Tweaks application, click “Extensions” in the sidebar, and then enable the “User Themes” extension.

启动Tweaks应用程序，单击侧栏中的“扩展”，然后启用“用户主题”扩展。

Close the Tweaks application, and then reopen it. You can now click the “Shell” box under Themes, and then choose a theme.

关闭Tweaks应用程序，然后重新打开它。 现在，您可以单击“主题”下的“外壳”框，然后选择一个主题。

For example, if you installed the Arc theme, you’ll see the “Arc” shell theme option in this menu.

例如，如果安装了Arc主题，则在此菜单中将看到“ Arc” shell主题选项。

If you don’t have any installed themes to choose from—or you want more—you will need to download a GNOME Shell theme. For example, we’ve tested the Adwaita-based Nextik Theme and thought it looked good. Look in the GNOME Shell Themes category on GNOME-Look to find more.

如果没有任何已安装主题可供选择，或者您想要更多，则需要下载GNOME Shell主题。 例如，我们已经测试了基于Adwaita的Nextik主题，并认为它看起来不错。 在GNOME-Look上的GNOME Shell主题类别中查找更多信息。

Download the .zip file containing the shell theme to your system.

将包含外壳程序主题的.zip文件下载到您的系统。

Click the “(None)” button to the right of the Shell theme option in the Tweaks app, browse to the downloaded theme .zip file, and then double-click it to load it.

单击Tweaks应用程序中Shell主题选项右侧的“(无)”按钮，浏览到下载的主题.zip文件，然后双击将其加载。

You can then click the box to the right of “Shell” and select your installed theme.

然后，您可以单击“外壳”右侧的框，然后选择已安装的主题。

While the theme options are hidden by default, they work very well. It’s easy to dramatically change the look of your Ubuntu system running the GNOME Shell desktop.

默认情况下，主题选项处于隐藏状态，但效果很好。 显着改变运行GNOME Shell桌面的Ubuntu系统的外观很容易。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/358049/how-to-install-desktop-themes-on-ubuntu-18.04-lts/