照片 raw 开源_如何拍摄优质的RAW照片-CSDN博客

照片 raw 开源

Here at How-To Geek we usually recommend you shoot RAW format images instead of JPEGs because you capture a lot more information about whatever scene you’re shooting. Let’s look at how to make the most of the RAW format.

在How-To Geek中，我们通常建议您拍摄RAW格式的图像而不是JPEG，因为您可以捕获有关所拍摄场景的更多信息。让我们看看如何充分利用RAW格式。

Camera RAW is an uncompressed file format that is capable of storing a lot more image data than JPEGs or other compressed file formats. If your camera’s sensor can capture it, it will get stored in the RAW file. This means that RAW files can contain billions of colors—compared to JPEGs 16 million or so—plus the full dynamic of a scene. The biggest problem is that most cameras can capture—and RAW files can contain—a lot more information than any screen can currently display.

Camera RAW是未压缩的文件格式，比JPEG或其他压缩的文件格式能够存储更多的图像数据。如果相机的传感器可以捕获它，它将被存储在RAW文件中。这意味着RAW文件可以包含数十亿种颜色(相比于JPEG 1600万种左右)，还可以包含整个场景的动态效果。最大的问题是，大多数相机可以捕获(并且RAW文件可以包含)比当前任何屏幕都能显示的信息更多的信息。

Now, let’s look at how to maximize the amount of data in your RAW files for better photos.

现在，让我们看一下如何最大程度地获取RAW文件中的数据量以获得更好的照片。

手动控制相机 (Take Manual Control of Your Camera)

If you want to take good pictures—in any image format—you need to be in control of what your camera is doing. Putting it in Automatic and just banging the shutter button won’t get you very far. If you’re in control, you can get the exposure right, stop highlights being blown out or shadows crushed, and adapt to the situation in which you’re photographing.

如果要以任何图像格式拍摄优质照片，则需要控制相机的操作。将其置于“自动”状态并仅按下快门按钮不会使您走得太远。如果您可以控制曝光，则可以正确进行曝光，停止高光被吹走或阴影被压碎，并适应拍摄环境。

This doesn’t mean you need to go full retro and use only manual features; instead, you should use your camera’s features and modes that let you control how the automatic features work. For example:

这并不意味着您需要完全复古并且仅使用手动功能。相反，您应该使用相机的功能和模式来控制自动功能的工作方式。例如：

Use Aperture Priority or Shutter Speed Priority shooting modes along with exposure compensation to get the exposure you want.
将光圈优先或快门速度优先拍摄模式与曝光补偿一起使用以获得所需的曝光。
Learn how to use the different autofocus modes, select autofocus points or groups, and use the right setup for the subjects you’re shooting.
了解如何使用不同的自动对焦模式，选择自动对焦点或组，以及为要拍摄的对象使用正确的设置。
Understand how your camera meters scenes and pick the right metering mode for the results you want.
了解相机如何对场景进行测光，并为所需的结果选择正确的测光模式。
Know when to use autofocus lock and autoexposure lock.
知道何时使用自动对焦锁定和自动曝光锁定。

As you can see, the “automatic” features on modern cameras give you a large amount of control over what they’re doing. Once you understand what’s going on, you can use them properly to capture the images you picture in your mind.

如您所见，现代相机的“自动”功能可让您对其操作进行大量控制。了解发生了什么之后，就可以正确地使用它们来捕捉脑海中所描绘的图像。

向右暴露 (Expose to the Right)

Once you’re using your camera properly and taking the photos you want, it’s time to maximize the amount of data you capture in your RAW files. Due to the quirks of digital photography, data is not captured equally by the sensor. The brightest areas of an image take up the bulk of the data in a RAW file; this is why noise is so much more prevalent in the shadows of your photos than the highlights.

正确使用相机并拍摄所需的照片后，就该使您在RAW文件中捕获的数据量最大化。由于数码摄影的怪癖，传感器无法平均捕获数据。图像的最亮区域占据了RAW文件中的大部分数据；这就是为什么噪点在照片的阴影中比在高光处更普遍的原因。

While it’s a bit annoying, you can make use of this by using a technique called “exposing to the right.” When you expose to the right, you deliberately overexpose your image so that more of the scene falls into the highlights area of the histogram. More of the image in the highlights means more good data to work with in post.

虽然有点烦人，但您可以通过一种叫做“ 向右曝光 ”的技术来利用它。当您向右曝光时，会故意使图像曝光过度，以使更多场景进入直方图的高光区域。高亮显示的图像更多，意味着可以在后期处理更多的良好数据。

When you expose to the right, you have to be very careful not to overexpose too much and blow out your highlights. If you do, you’ll end up with a worse image than if you’d just taken a normal exposure. Get it right, however, and you’ll be getting as much juicy photo data as possible from every byte of data.

当您曝光在右边时，您必须非常小心，不要过度曝光并突出亮点。如果这样做的话，您得到的图像质量会比刚进行常规曝光时要差。但是，正确处理它，您会从每个数据字节中获取尽可能多的照片数据。

编辑您的照片 (Edit Your Photos)

Digital cameras apply some simple edits to JPEG files to make them look better. Generally, they pump up the contrast and saturation, add some sharpness, and run a noise reduction algorithm. Since your camera won’t apply the same edits to RAW files, it can leave them looking a little flat which you will need to fix with some simple post-processing.

数码相机对JPEG文件进行了一些简单的编辑，以使其看起来更好。通常，它们会提高对比度和饱和度，增加一些清晰度，并运行降噪算法。由于您的相机不会对RAW文件应用相同的编辑，因此会使它们看起来有些平坦，您需要通过一些简单的后处理对其进行修复。

To upload or print a RAW file you need to “develop” it using Adobe Lightroom or some other RAW processing app anyway so, it’s a good idea, to take the opportunity to edit your images to match your vision better, even if you just tweak the white balance. I like to spend some time cleaning up any distractions, tweaking the exposure, adding a bit of contrast, and enhancing the colors—at the very least. I’ve written about my basic workflow in our article on improving almost any digital image.

要上传或打印RAW文件，无论如何，您都需要使用Adobe Lightroom或其他RAW处理应用程序“开发”它，这是一个好主意，借此机会编辑图像以更好地匹配您的视觉，即使您只是进行了调整白平衡。我喜欢花一些时间清理干扰，调整曝光，增加对比度，并增强色彩-至少。我已经在关于改善几乎所有数字图像的文章中写了我的基本工作流程。

The big advantage of RAW images is that they keep so much more data for you to work with later; skipping out on the editing step entirely misses the point of shooting with an uncompressed format. If you’re not going to use all the extra data you’ve captured, you might as well just shoot JPEG.

RAW图像的最大优势在于，它们可以保存更多的数据供以后使用。跳过编辑步骤会完全错过未压缩格式的拍摄要点。如果您不打算使用所有已捕获的额外数据，则最好只拍摄JPEG。

We recommend shooting RAW because, unlike JPEG, you are recording all the information your camera’s sensor can capture. Use it properly, and you’ll get great results.

我们建议拍摄RAW，因为与JPEG不同，您正在记录相机传感器可以捕获的所有信息。正确使用它，您将获得很好的结果。