在SQL Server中实现人工神经网络（ANN）

In this article, we will be discussing Microsoft Neural Network in SQL Server. This is the seventh article of our SQL Server Data mining techniques series. Naïve Bayes, Decision Trees, Time Series, Association Rules, Clustering, and Linear Regression are the other techniques that we discussed until this article.

在本文中，我们将讨论SQL Server中的Microsoft神经网络。 这是我们SQL Server数据挖掘技术系列的第七篇文章。 朴素的贝叶斯，决策树，时间序列，关联规则，聚类和线性回归是我们在本文之前讨论的其他技术。

什么是人工神经网络？ (What is an Artificial Neural Network?)

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be considered as a classification and as a forecasting technique. Microsoft Neural Network in SQL Server is typically a more sophisticated technique than Decision Trees and Naïve Bayes. This technique tries to simulate how the human brain works. In this technique, there are three layers, Input, Hidden, and Output, as shown in the below screenshot.

人工神经网络（ANN）可以被视为分类和预测技术。 与决策树和朴素贝叶斯相比，SQL Server中的Microsoft神经网络通常是一种更为复杂的技术。 该技术试图模拟人脑的工作方式。 在此技术中，共有三层，即输入，隐藏和输出，如下面的屏幕快照所示。

The input layer is mapped to the input attributes. If you remember the AdventureWorks example, we are looking at Age, Gender, Number of Children are the inputs to the Input layer.

输入层映射到输入属性。 如果您还记得AdventureWorks的示例，我们将查看“年龄”，“性别”，“孩子数”作为“输入”层的输入。

The Hidden layer is an intermediate layer where every input with weightage is received to each node in the hidden layer.

隐藏层是中间层，每个具有权重的输入都被接收到隐藏层中的每个节点。

The Output layer is mapped to the predicted attributes. In our AdventureWorks example, Bike Buyer will be mapped to the output layer.

输出层映射到预测属性。 在我们的AdventureWorks示例中，Bike Buyer将被映射到输出层。

A neuron is a basic unit that combines multiple inputs and a single output. Combinations of inputs are done with different techniques, and the Microsoft Neural Network uses Weighted Sum. Maximum, Average, logical AND, logical OR are the other techniques used by the different implementation.

神经元是将多个输入和一个输出组合在一起的基本单元。 输入的组合使用不同的技术完成，Microsoft神经网络使用加权总和。 最大值，平均值，逻辑与，逻辑或是不同实现使用的其他技术。

After these inputs are calculated, then the activation function is used. In theory, sometimes, small input will have a large output, and on the other hand, large input might be insignificant to the output. Therefore, typically non-linear functions are used for activation. In Microsoft Neural Network uses tanh as the hidden layer activation function and sigmoid function for the output layer.

计算完这些输入后，即可使用激活功能。 从理论上讲，有时小输入将具有大输出，另一方面，大输入可能对输出无关紧要。 因此，通常将非线性函数用于激活。 在Microsoft Neural Network中，将tanh用作隐藏层激活功能，并将Sigmoid函数用作输出层。

反向传播 (Backpropagation)

Backpropagation is the core part of the Artificial Neural Network. Unlike other techniques, this technique has the learning capability. The Learning capability is achieved via Backpropagation. In this technique, the error is calculated, and the weights points will be modified.

反向传播是人工神经网络的核心部分。 与其他技术不同，该技术具有学习能力。 学习能力是通过反向传播实现的。 在此技术中，将计算误差，并将修改权重点。

Let us see how Microsoft Neural Network in SQL Server works.

让我们看看SQL Server中的Microsoft神经网络如何工作。

1. At the initial stage, random values between -1 to 1 are assigned as weightages
   在初始阶段，将-1到1之间的随机值分配为权重
2. For the training set. The algorithm calculated the output and output error
   对于训练集。 该算法计算输出和输出误差
3. The Backpropagation process calculates the error for each output and hidden neurons in the network
   反向传播过程计算网络中每个输出和隐藏神经元的误差
4. The weightages are modified
   重量已修改
5. Repeat fr