本文详述了SQL Server从1.0到2017版本的主要功能变化，包括对Linux和Docker的支持、Python集成、PolyBase、Always Encrypted等创新特性。SQL Server 2017在Linux上的突破，2016年引入的PolyBase和JSON支持，以及2014年的内存优化表和AlwaysOn功能，都展示了SQL Server的持续演进和进步。
介绍 (Introduction)
This article will explain the main features in SQL Server 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2012, 2008, 2005, 2000, 7, 6.5, 6.0, 4.2, 1.1 and 1.0.
本文将介绍SQL Server 2017、2016、2015、2014、2012、2008、2005、2000、7、6.5、6.0、4.2、1.1和1.0的主要功能。
In the past, the first SQL Server versions supported OS/2 (an operative system created by Microsoft and IBM) and Windows.
过去，第一个SQL Server版本支持OS / 2（由Microsoft和IBM创建的操作系统）和Windows。
Now, the new versions of SQL Server (vNext and SQL Server 2017) can be installed in Linux. 15 years ago, it was impossible to think that. Linux and Microsoft were just like oil in water and now, Microsoft loves Linux.
现在，可以在Linux中安装新版本SQL Server（vNext和SQL Server 2017）。 15年前，不可能想到这一点。 Linux和Microsoft就像水里的油，现在， Microsoft喜欢Linux 。
Also, we now enjoy full integration with Azure, Tabular Databases, SSIS, SSAS and more. In this article, we will talk about all these changes and improvements.
此外，我们现在享受与Azure，表格数据库，SSIS，SSAS等的完全集成。 在本文中，我们将讨论所有这些更改和改进。
Let’s take a look at the features of each version.
让我们看一下每个版本的功能。
SQL Server 2017
Year: 2017
SQL Server 2017
年份： 2017
I think that the main feature is that now SQL Server can be installed in Linux and Docker, which is huge. There is no universal installer. In fact, the installers for Red Hat, Ubuntu and SUSE are different, but it is a huge step to support Linux.
我认为主要功能是现在SQL Server可以安装在Linux和Docker中，这非常庞大。 没有通用安装程序。 实际上，Red Hat，Ubuntu和SUSE的安装程序有所不同，但这是支持Linux的重要一步。
In this version, CLR assemblies can now be added to a white list.
在此版本中，现在可以将CLR程序集添加到白名单。
SQL Server 2017 includes Python support, as well as …
SQL Server 2017包括Python支持以及…
- Identity Cache, 身份缓存
- Graph Database, 图数据库
- Resumable Indexes, 可恢复索引
- New string functions, 新的字符串函数 ，
- Adaptative Query Processing, 自适应查询处理
- Automatic tuning, 自动调整
- sys.dm_db_log_stats, sys.dm_db_log_stats ， sys.dm_tran_version_store_space_usage and sys.dm_tran_version_store_space_usage和sys.dm_db_log_info. sys.dm_db_log_info 。
SSIS is now supported in Linux. In SSDT, you have now a DAX editor and tabular databases are the default installation.
Linux现在支持SSIS。 在SSDT中，您现在有了DAX编辑器，表格数据库是默认安装。
In SSRS, you can run native DAX queries. R Services changed the name to Machine Learning Services and access to Python libraries.
在SSRS中，您可以运行本机DAX查询。 R Services将名称更改为Machine Learning Services，并可以访问Python库。
For a complete list of changes in SQL Server 2017, refer to this link:
有关SQL Server 2017中更改的完整列表，请参考以下链接：
SQL Server 2016
Code Name: Helsinki
Year: 2016
SQL Server 2016
代号： 赫尔辛基
年： 2016
In SQL Server 2016, PolyBase support was introduced. With PolyBase, you can query NoSQL data like csv files stored in Azure Blob Storage or in HDInsight.
在SQL Server 2016中，引入了PolyBase支持。 使用PolyBase，您可以查询NoSQL数据，例如存储在Azure Blob存储或HDInsight中的csv文件。
Another interesting feature is JSON support which includes new features to handle JSON data.
另一个有趣的功能是JSON支持，其中包括处理JSON数据的新功能。
Stretch database is another feature that allows to archive data in Azure SQL.
拉伸数据库是允许在Azure SQL中存档数据的另一个功能。
It is also possible to use temporal tables to save data changes.
也可以使用时态表保存数据更改。
SQL Server Management Studio is separated from the database engine. It includes its own versions.
SQL Server Management Studio与数据库引擎分离。 它包括自己的版本。
Always encrypted is introduced as a new feature that allows to increase your security.
始终加密是一项新功能，可提高安全性。
Dynamic Data Masking helps you to protect sensitive data. Also, you can apply now Row Level Security.
动态数据屏蔽可帮助您保护敏感数据。 另外，您现在可以应用行级安全性 。
SSRS now supports a web Report Portal and a Mobile Report Publisher. SSIS now supports Always On Availability Groups.
SSRS现在支持Web报告门户和移动报告发布者。 SSIS现在支持始终在线可用性组。
For a complete list of changes, refer to this link:
有关更改的完整列表，请参考以下链接：
SQL Server 2014
Code Name: Hekaton
Year: 2014
SQL Server 2014
代号： Hekaton
年： 2014
The main features in SQL Server 2014 were the integration to Azure and Memory Optimized Tables. You can for example migrate your Database on-premises to a Virtual Machine in Azure. It is possible to migrate a database backup to Azure.
SQL Server 2014的主要功能是与Azure和内存优化表的集成。 例如，您可以将本地数据库迁移到Azure中的虚拟机 。 可以将数据库备份迁移到Azure 。
Your Data files can be stored in Azure. There are enhancements in AlwaysOn, Columnstore Indexes.
您的数据文件可以存储在Azure中 。 AlwaysOn，列存储索引中有增强功能。
You also have Power View reports for multidimensional models.
您还具有用于多维模型的Power View报告。
For a complete list of new features, refer to this link:
有关新功能的完整列表，请参考以下链接：
SQL Server 2012
Code Name: Denalli
Year: 2012
SQL Server 2012
代号： Denalli
年： 2012
In this new version, the BIDS (Business Intelligence Development Studio) was replaced by SSDT (SQL Server Data Tools). This SQL Server version can be installed in Windows Core Edition, a secure operative system. Business Intelligence edition for SQL Server was introduced; An edition that supports the most important features related to Business intelligence.
在此新版本中，BIDS（商业智能开发工作室）被SSDT （SQL Server数据工具）所取代。 可以在安全的操作系统Windows Core Edition中安装此SQL Server版本。 引入了SQL Server商业智能版； 支持与商务智能有关的最重要功能的版本。
Another big feature is the AlwasyOn SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances, AlwaysOn Availability Groups.
AlwasyOn SQL Server故障转移群集实例的另一个重要功能是AlwaysOn可用性组。
SSMS includes IntelliSense features and a Database Recovery Advisor.
SSMS包括IntelliSense功能和Database Recovery Advisor 。
FileTable support to handle system files in SQL Server. The semantic search is a feature included in Full text search to search in unstructured documents.
FileTable支持处理SQL Server中的系统文件。 语义搜索是全文搜索中包括的功能，用于搜索非结构化文档。
Columnstore Indexes is another powerful feature to get faster query responses in tables like Data Warehouse tables. Online index creation is now supported.
列存储索引是另一个强大的功能，可以在诸如数据仓库表之类的表中获得更快的查询响应。 现在支持在线索引创建。
In Business Intelligence, the support of Tabular Models and the DAX functions was a very significative change.
在商业智能中，表格模型和DAX功能的支持是非常重要的改变。
The same the support of Power Pivot.
Power Pivot的支持相同。
For more information about all the features in SQL Server 2012, refer to this link:
有关SQL Server 2012中所有功能的详细信息，请参考以下链接：
SQL Server 2008
Code Name: Katmai
Year: 2008
SQL Server 2008
代号： Katmai
年： 2008
Another important feature was the CDC (Change Data Capture) to track changes in a table.
另一个重要功能是CDC（更改数据捕获），用于跟踪表中的更改。
Data Collector was a feature to collect monitoring information in a Data Warehouse.
数据收集器是一项用于在数据仓库中收集监视信息的功能。
SQL 2008 also offered compressed indexes and tables.
SQL 2008还提供了压缩的索引和表。
In data types, it was introduced the hierarchyid data type and spatial data types. Also, some new date and time data types and User-Defined data types.
在数据类型中，引入了architectureid数据类型和空间数据类型 。 另外，还有一些新的日期和时间数据类型以及用户定义的数据类型 。
You can also implement in this version filtered indexes and statistics. Another big feature was the Transparent Data Encryption and some encryption functions like the CRYPT_GEN_RANDOM and KEY_NAME.
您也可以在此版本中实现过滤的索引和统计信息。 另一个重要功能是透明数据加密和一些加密功能，例如CRYPT_GEN_RANDOM和KEY_NAME 。
For more information about SQL Server 2008, refer to this link:
有关SQL Server 2008的详细信息，请参考以下链接：
SQL Server 2005
Code Name: Yukon
Year: 2005
SQL Server 2005
代号： 育空
年： 2005
This version introduced the SSMS that we use now. The BIDS (Business Intelligence Development Studio) was created in this version. SQL Server included the Adventureworks database in the installer.
此版本介绍了我们现在使用的SSMS。 在此版本中创建了BIDS（商业智能开发工作室）。 SQL Server在安装程序中包含Adventureworks数据库。
This version introduced the Service Broker to handle message queue.
此版本介绍了 Service Broker处理消息队列。
SSIS was introduced. In the past, it was used the Data Transformation Services with a different technology used which was completely changed.
引入了SSIS。 过去，它被用于数据转换服务，而所使用的技术已完全改变。
The Reporting Services and Analysis services used a completely new platform.
报表服务和分析服务使用了全新的平台。
This version introduced the XML enhancements, CLR support, Failover Cluster Enhancements, Database Mirroring, Database Snapshots.
该版本引入了XML增强功能 ， CLR支持 ， 故障转移群集增强功能， 数据库镜像 ， 数据库快照 。
For more information about SQL Server 2005, refer to this link:
有关SQL Server 2005的更多信息，请参考以下链接：
SQL Server 2000
Code Name: Shiloh
Year: 2000
SQL Server 2000
代号： Shiloh
年： 2000
SQL Server 2000 was an important version where the OLAP Services in SQL 7 was replaced by the Analysis Services.
SQL Server 2000是一个重要版本，其中SQL 7中的OLAP服务被Analysis Services取代。
It was also introduced the XML support, User Defined Functions, Indexed Views, Replication enhancements, Log Shipping and more.
还引入了XML支持，用户定义函数，索引视图，复制增强， 日志传送等。
For more information about SQL Server 2000, you can download the documentation from this link and check the What is new in Microsoft SQL Server 2000:
有关SQL Server 2000的详细信息，可以从此链接下载文档，并检查Microsoft SQL Server 2000的新增功能：
SQL Server 7.0
Code Name: Sphinx
Year: 1998
SQL Server 7.0
代号： 狮身人面像
年： 1998
This version included tools for query analysis like the Query Analyzer (which was replaced by the SSMS in SQL 2005).
此版本包含用于查询分析的工具，例如查询分析器（已在SQL 2005中由SSMS取代）。
It introduced OLAP Services (SSAS now) and Data Transformation Services (SSIS now).
它引入了OLAP服务（现在为SSAS）和数据转换服务（现在为SSIS）。
This code base was now fully independent from Sybase.
现在，该代码库完全独立于Sybase。
Nice wizards to create tables, indexes, stored procedures, replication and schedule backups.
不错的向导，用于创建表，索引，存储过程，复制和计划备份。
It was also introduced SQL Profiler, which is still in the last versions but will be removed soon.
还引入了SQL Profiler，它仍然是最新版本，但很快将被删除。
For more information about SQL Server 7, refer to these links:
有关SQL Server 7的更多信息，请参考以下链接：
SQL Server 6.5
Code Name: Hydra
Year: 1996
SQL Server 6.5
代号： 九头蛇
年： 1996
This version was ANSI Standard Compliant, and it was based on Sybase codebase.
该版本符合ANSI标准，并且基于Sybase代码库。
SQL Server 6.0
Code Name: SQL95
Year: 1995
SQL Server 6.0
代号： SQL95
年：1995
In this version, SQL Server was an important database in the market. This version was supported in Windows 95. The main feature in this version was the replication.
在此版本中，SQL Server是市场上重要的数据库。 Windows 95支持此版本。此版本的主要功能是复制。
SQL Server 4.2
Code Name: SQLNT
Year: 1993
SQL Server 4.2
代号： SQLNT
年： 1993
Yes, there was no version 2 or 3. Why? Some experts think that the Microsoft guys do not know how to count and that is why there was no Windows 9 ?
是的，没有版本2或3。为什么？ 一些专家认为，微软公司的人不知道该如何计算，这就是为什么没有Windows 9的原因？
This version started to support Windows NT. SQL Server 4.2 was supported in Windows NT and OS/2 (an IBM-Microsoft OS).
此版本开始支持Windows NT。 Windows NT和OS / 2（IBM-Microsoft OS）支持SQL Server 4.2。
SQL Server 1.1
Code Name: Pietro
Year: 1991
SQL Server 1.1
代号： Pietro
年： 1991
SQL Server 1.0
Code Name: Filipi
Year: 1989
SQL Server 1.0
代号名称： Filipi
年： 1989
In this year, Microsoft joined Sybase. They granted permission to access the code and create a new database. Sybase created the code for Microsoft. The also joined Ashton/Tate, the creators of dBASE, to help in the marketing. There are still some stored procedures with the same functionality than Sybase.
今年，Microsoft加入了Sybase。 他们授予访问代码和创建新数据库的权限。 Sybase为Microsoft创建了代码。 他们还加入了dBASE的创建者Ashton / Tate的行销经验。 仍然有一些存储过程具有与Sybase相同的功能。
It was a nice database with networking support. It used the SAF (SQL Server Administrator Facility) to create databases, set parameters and run SQL queries. It had no documentation.
这是一个很好的具有网络支持的数据库。 它使用SAF（SQL Server管理员工具）创建数据库，设置参数并运行SQL查询。 它没有文档。
翻译自: https://www.sqlshack.com/history-sql-server-evolution-sql-server-features/
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