相机镜头上的所有字母，首字母缩写和数字代表什么？

A quick peek at the barrel of your camera’s lens reveals a jungle of letters, numbers, and acronyms. What exactly do they all mean and how can you translate the codes into useful information?

快速浏览一下相机镜头的镜筒，就会发现字母，数字和首字母缩写的丛林。 它们到底意味着什么，您又如何将代码转换为有用的信息？

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of Photography Exchange—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. Image courtesy of Canon, USA. 

今天的问答环节由摄影交流(Photography Exchange)提供-摄影交流-Stack Exchange(社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组)的一个子部分。 图片由美国佳能提供。

问题 (The Question)

Photography Exchange reader Mikal Sundberg is curious about the markings on his camera lens. He writes:

摄影交流读者Mikal Sundberg对他的相机镜头上的标记感到好奇。 他写：

Then looking at a lens name there is a lot of acronyms in the name describing it’s features (often specific to the manufacturer).

然后，在查看镜头名称时，会在名称中有很多首字母缩写词来描述其功能(通常特定于制造商)。

Examples, Nikon: Nikon AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED Nikon AF-I 600mm f/4D IF-ED Nikon AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED

尼康实例：尼康AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f / 3.5-5.6G IF-ED尼康AF-I 600mm f / 4D IF-ED尼康AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f / 2.8G IF-ED

Examples, Canon: Canon EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II Canon 70-300mm f/4.5-f/5.6 DO IS

佳能示例：佳能EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II佳能70-300mm f / 4.5-f / 5.6 DO IS

Examples, Sigma: Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II

例如Sigma： Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II

How do I decipher the lens names from different manufacturers?

如何解密不同制造商的镜头名称？

So what kind of decoder ring do you need to make sense of the code?

那么，您需要哪种解码器环才能理解代码？

答案 (The Answers)

Photography Exchange contributor Jrista offers up a very comprehensive answer. We won’t judge you if you skim through his expansive write up until you find your specific brand of camera equipment.

摄影交流撰稿人Jrista提供了一个非常全面的答案。 在您找到特定品牌的摄像设备之前，我们不会判断您是否浏览了他的大量文章。

品牌镜片 (Brand Lenses)

Most major camera manufacturers offer their own line of lenses. Such lenses tend to follow the most stringent quality guidelines, and often come with a price premium.

大多数主要的相机制造商都提供自己的镜头系列。 这样的镜片倾向于遵循最严格的质量准则，并且通常带有价格优势。

佳能镜头 (Canon Lenses)

Canon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:

佳能镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能：

• Common

  共同

  • XYZmm: Focal length

    XYZmm：焦距

  • f/x.y: Maximum aperture

    f / xy：最大光圈

  Common

  共同

• Focus/Mount Type

  对焦/安装类型

  • EF: Electronic Focus

    EF：电子聚焦

  • EF-S: Short-Back Electronic Focus

    EF-S：短后电子对焦

  • EF-M: Mirrorless Electronic Focus

    EF-M：无反光镜电子对焦

  • TS: Tilt-Shift

    TS：倾斜移位

    • TS-E: Tilt-Shift, Electronic aperture control

      TS-E：倾斜移位，电子光圈控制

    TS: Tilt-Shift

    TS：倾斜移位

  • MP-E: Macro-Photography, Electronic aperture control

    MP-E：宏观摄影，电子光圈控制

  Focus/Mount Type

  对焦/安装类型

• Features

  特征

  • IS: Image Stabilization

    IS：图像稳定

  • USM: Auto Focus Type: Ultrasonic Motor

    USM：自动对焦类型：超声波马达

  • STM: Auto Focus Type: Stepping Motor

    STM：自动对焦类型：步进电机

  • (Mark) N: Version of lens (Mark II = v2, Mark III = v3, etc., word Mark may not be present)

    (标记)N：镜头的版本(标记II = v2，标记III = v3，依此类推，可能没有单词Mark)

  • DO: Diffractive Optics

    DO：衍射光学

  • L: Luxury series

    L：豪华系列

  • Macro: close focusing, but not necessarily 1:1 magnification

    微距：近距离对焦，但不一定是1：1放大

  • Softfocus ability to use soft focusing for smooth dreamy look

    使用柔焦功能实现柔和梦幻外观的柔焦能力

  • PF Power Focus

    PF Power Focus

  Features

  特征

Examples

例子

• Canon EF 16-35mm f/2.8 L II USM Lens
  佳能EF 16-35mm f / 2.8 L II USM镜头
• Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L IS II USM Lens
  佳能EF 70-200mm f / 2.8 L IS II USM镜头
• Canon TS-E 17mm f/4 L
  佳能TS-E 17mm f / 4 L
• Canon EF 50mm f/1.2 L USM
  佳能EF 50mm f / 1.2 L USM
• Canon EF-S 10-22mm f/3.5-4.5 USM
  佳能EF-S 10-22mm f / 3.5-4.5 USM

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尼康镜头 (Nikon Lenses)

Nikon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:

尼康镜头使用以下术语表示每个镜头的功能：

• Common

  共同

  • XYZmm: Focal length

    XYZmm：焦距

  • f/x.y: Maximum aperture

    f / xy：最大光圈

  Common

  共同

• Lens System

  镜头系统

  • DX: Digital, Short Back

    DX：数字，短背

  • FX: Full Frame (film or digital)

    FX：全画幅(胶片或数码)

  Lens System

  镜头系统

• Lens Mount

  镜头座

  • AI: Automatic Indexing mount (includes metering sensor)

    AI：自动分度安装座(包括计量传感器)

  • AI-S: Improved Automatic Indexing mount

    AI-S：改进的自动索引安装

  • IX: Lenses designed specially for APS film SLR-s; their rear end protrudes too much to allow using them on a 35mm film camera or a dSLR

    IX：专门为APS胶片SLR-s设计的镜头； 它们的后端突出太多，无法在35mm胶片相机或dSLR上使用

  • Serie E A cheaper serie of AI-S where plastic replaced some metal parts. Not designated as Nikkor but “Nikon Lense Serie E”

    意甲(Serie E)一种便宜的AI-S意甲，用塑料代替了一些金属零件。 未指定为Nikkor，而是“ Nikon Lense Serie E”

  Lens Mount

  镜头座

• Focusing System

  调焦系统

  • AF: Auto Focus, built into camera

    AF：自动对焦，内置于相机中

  • AF-S: Auto-Focus Silent (Silent Wave Motor, required for bodies without focus motor)

    AF-S：自动对焦静音(无声马达，无聚焦马达的机身需要)

  • AF-I: Auto-Focus Internal

    AF-I：内部自动对焦

  • AF-N: Auto-Focus (improved version, rare)

    AF-N：自动对焦(改进版，罕见)

  Focusing System

  调焦系统

• Features

  特征

  • Reflex: Catadioptric (mirror) lense.

    反射：折反射(镜)透镜。

  • D: Distance, communicates focus distance for 3D Matrix metering mode and also for flash autoexposure.