如何在Android上管理文件和使用文件系统

Android’s user-visible file system is one of its advantages over iOS. It allows you to more easily work with files, opening them in any app of your choice…as long as you know how.

Android的用户可见文件系统是其优于iOS的优势之一。 它使您可以更轻松地使用文件，只要您知道如何就可以在您选择的任何应用程序中打开文件。

Stock Android includes a pretty watered-down file manager by default. Some manufacturers do pre-install their own more powerful file managers on Android devices. In other cases, you may need a third-party app to really dig into the files on your phone. Here’s what you need to know.

Stock Android默认情况下包括一个功能强大的文件管理器。 一些制造商确实在Android设备上预安装了自己更强大的文件管理器。 在其他情况下，您可能需要第三方应用程序才能真正挖掘手机上的文件。 这是您需要知道的。

如何访问Android的内置文件管理器 (How to Access Android’s Built-In File Manager)

If you’re using a device with stock Android 6.x (Marshmallow) or newer, there’s a built-in file manager…it’s just hidden away in the Settings. Head to Settings > Storage > Other and you’ll have a full list of all the files and folders on your internal storage. (If you’d prefer this file manager be more easily accessible, the Marshmallow File Manager app will add it as an icon to your home screen.)

如果您使用的是配备Android 6.x(棉花糖)或更高版本的设备，则有一个内置的文件管理器……它只是隐藏在“设置”中。 前往“设置”>“存储”>“其他”，您将拥有内部存储中所有文件和文件夹的完整列表。 (如果您希望此文件管理器更易于访问，则棉花糖文件管理器应用会将其作为图标添加到主屏幕。)

In Nougat, things are a little different. The file manager is part of the “Downloads” app, but is essentially the same thing. You can see certain types of files–like images, videos, music, and downloads–from the “Downloads” shortcut in your app drawer. If you want to see your phone’s full file system, though, you’ll still have to go through Settings > Storage > Other. It will open the Downloads app with a previously hidden view that lets you view every folder and file on yoru device.

在牛轧糖中，情况有所不同。 文件管理器是“下载”应用程序的一部分，但本质上是相同的。 您可以从应用程序抽屉中的“下载”快捷方式查看某些类型的文件，例如图像，视频，音乐和下载。 但是，如果您想查看手机的完整文件系统，则仍然必须依次选择“设置”>“存储”>“其他”。 它将以以前隐藏的视图打开“下载”应用程序，使您可以查看yoru设备上的每个文件夹和文件。

But like I said, it’s pretty weak compared to some of the options available in Google Play. If you just want to browse files and perhaps move one or two things here and there, it gets the job done without the need for anything third-party, which is nice. If you’re looking for something more robust, however, off to the Play Store you go.

但是就像我说的那样，与Google Play中的某些选项相比，它的功能相当薄弱。 如果您只想浏览文件并可能在其中四处移动一两件事，那么它就可以完成工作而无需任何第三方，这很好。 如果您正在寻找更强大的功能，可以去Play商店。

要进行更强大的文件管理，请安装文件管理器应用 (For More Powerful File Management, Install a File Manager App)

Manufacturers like Samsung and LG include more robust file managers, often named something simple like “My Files” or “Files.” However, there’s a good chance you may need to install your own file manager app–either your device won’t have one, or the included one may not be up to snuff. Fortunately, there’s a huge selection of file managers available in Google Play.

三星和LG等制造商包括更强大的文件管理器，通常将其命名为“ My Files”或“ Files”之类的简单名称。 但是，您很有可能需要安装自己的文件管理器应用程序-设备可能没有安装该应用程序，或者其中一个设备可能无法正常使用。 幸运的是，Google Play提供了大量的文件管理器。

Solid Explorer is one of the most popular file managers on the Play Store, and it’s chock-full of powerful features like cloud account access and the ability to run two Solid windows side-by-side in landscape mode (on any device!). It’s also well-supported, receiving frequent updates with new features. Solid is free to try for two weeks, but after that you’ll have to cough up $1.99 to keep using it. It’s well worth the cost.

Solid Explorer是Play商店上最受欢迎的文件管理器之一，它充满了强大的功能，例如云帐户访问以及能够以横向模式(在任何设备上)并排运行两个Solid Windows的功能。 它也得到了良好的支持，经常收到有关新功能的更新。 Solid可以免费试用两个星期，但在那之后您必须掏出1.99美元才能继续使用它。 这是值得的。

了解文件系统布局 (Understanding the File System Layout)

Android’s file system layout isn’t identical to your PC’s. Here’s how it divides its storage:

Android的文件系统布局与您的PC不一致。 它是如何划分存储空间的：

• Device Storage: This is the pool of storage you’ll be working with and accessing. Your’e free to access and modify any files here. Think of it a bit like your user directory on Windows or home directory on Linux or Mac. As on desktop operating systems, many apps dump some data files here–not sensitive data like passwords and login credentials, but downloaded files and other cache items.

  设备存储：这是您将要使用和访问的存储池。 您可以在此处自由访问和修改任何文件。 可以将其想像成Windows上的用户目录或Linux或Mac上的主目录。 与在台式机操作系统上一样，许多应用程序在此处转储一些数据文件，而不是诸如密码和登录凭据之类的敏感数据，而是下载的文件和其他缓存项。

• Portable SD Card: Many Android devices also have SD card slots. You can plug the SD card into your computer or another device, load files onto it, and then plug it into your device (provided it’s formatted as portable storage and not internal storage). If you’re using a Marshmallow device and have your SD card formatted for use as internal storage, it won’t show up separately in your file manager–it will instead be part of your device storage.

  便携式SD卡：许多Android设备还具有SD卡插槽。 您可以将SD卡插入计算机或其他设备，将文件加载到计算机或其他设备上，然后将其插入设备(假设其格式设置为便携式存储而不是内部存储)。 如果您使用的是棉花糖设备，并且格式化了SD卡用作内部存储设备，则它不会在文件管理器中单独显示-而是作为设备存储的一部分。

• Device Root: Your Android device also has a special system filesystem where its operating system files, installed applications, and sensitive application data are stored. Most file manager apps can’t modify this file system for security reasons, unless you have root access, and a file manager capable of using it. You probably don’t need to do that, though.

  设备根：您的Android设备还具有一个特殊的系统文件系统，用于存储其操作系统文件，已安装的应用程序和敏感的应用程序数据。 出于安全原因，大多数文件管理器应用程序无法修改此文件系统，除非您具有root访问权限，并且具有能够使用它的文件管理器。 不过，您可能不需要这样做。

Your device storage will include a number of folders created by Android. Some of these are created and used by apps for their cache files, so you shouldn’t mess with them or remove them. However, you can free up space by removing unnecessary files stored here.

您的设备存储空间将包含许多由Android创建的文件夹。 其中一些是由应用程序为其缓存文件创建和使用的，因此您不应弄乱它们或将其删除。 但是，您可以通过删除此处存储的不必要文件来释放空间。

Others are designed to store your personal files, though, and you should feel free to modify or delete files in them as necessary. These include:

但是，其他文件则旨在存储您的个人文件，您应该根据需要随意修改或删除其中的文件。 这些包括：

• DCIM: Photos you take are saved to this folder, just as they are on other digital cameras. Apps like Gallery and Photos display photos found here, but this is where the underlying image files are actually stored.

  DCIM ：与其他数码相机一样，您拍摄的照片也保存到此文件夹中。 “图库”和“照片”之类的应用程序会显示在此处找到的照片，但这实际上是底层图像文件的存储位置。

• Download: Files you download are saved here, although you’re free to move them elsewhere or delete them altogether. You can also view these files in the Downloads app.

  下载：下载的文件保存在此处，尽管您可以随意将其移动到其他位置或完全删除它们。 您也可以在“下载”应用程序中查看这些文件。

• Movies, Music, Pictures, Ringtones, Video: These are folders designed for storage of your personal media files. When you connect your device to a computer, they give you an obvious place to put any music, video, or other files you want to copy to your Android device.

  电影，音乐，图片，铃声，视频：这些是旨在存储您的个人媒体文件的文件夹。 当您将设备连接到计算机时，它们会为您提供明显的放置位置，以将您想要复制的任何音乐，视频或其他文件复制到Android设备上。

You can browse these folders from any file manager. A single tap on a file will bring up a list of installed apps that claim they support that file type. You can work with files directly, opening them in apps like you would on your computer.

您可以从任何文件管理器浏览这些文件夹。 只需单击一个文件，就会显示已声明支持该文件类型的已安装应用程序列表。 您可以直接使用文件，就像在计算机上一样在应用程序中打开文件。

如何将文件复制到PC或从PC复制文件 (How to Copy Files to or from a PC)

The process of copying files to or from a PC is easy. Just connect your Android device to a laptop or desktop computer using the appropriate USB cable—the one included with your device for charging will work. With the Android device in its default MTP mode (PTP is also available, and USB mass storage may be available on older devices), it will appear in your Windows or Linux file manager window as a standard device. (If it isn’t, you may need to tap the “Charging Only” notification and change it to MTP.) Then, on your PC, you can view and manage the files on your Android device’s internal storage, moving them back and forth as you please.

将文件复制到PC或从PC复制文件的过程很容易。 只需使用适当的USB电缆将您的Android设备连接到便携式计算机或台式计算机，设备随附的用于充电的电缆即可使用。 如果Android设备处于默认的MTP模式(也可以使用PTP，并且旧设备上可以使用USB大容量存储)，它将作为标准设备出现在Windows或Linux文件管理器窗口中。 (如果不是，则可能需要点按“仅收费”通知并将其更改为MTP。)然后，在PC上，您可以查看和管理Android设备内部存储中的文件，并来回移动它们随便你。

Macs don’t include MTP support, so you’ll want to install the Android File Transfer app on your Mac and use it to transfer files back and forth when you connect your device. The app will automatically open whenever you connect an Android device to your Mac.

Mac不支持MTP，因此您需要在Mac上安装Android File Transfer应用，并在连接设备时使用它来回传输文件。 只要将Android设备连接到Mac，该应用程序就会自动打开。

If you have an SD card, you can remove the SD card from your Android device and insert it into an SD card slot into your computer to access the files–again, assuming you’re using it as “portable storage” and not formatted for internal use. The latter will not work on any device aside from the one it’s been formatted for use on.

如果您有SD卡，则可以再次将SD卡从Android设备中取出，然后将其插入计算机的SD卡插槽中，以访问文件(假设您将其用作“便携式存储”且未格式化)内部使用。 除了已格式化以供使用的设备外，后者无法在任何设备上使用。

For wireless file transfers, we like AirDroid. It allows you to connect to your Android device over Wi-Fi with just a web browser, moving files back and forth without the necessity of a cable. It will likely be a bit slower, but it can be a life-saver if you’re out and about and didn’t bring the appropriate USB cable. For transferring files from Android to your PC, Portal is also a quick and easy solution.

对于无线文件传输，我们喜欢AirDroid 。 它使您可以仅使用Web浏览器通过Wi-Fi连接到Android设备，而无需使用电缆来回移动文件。 这可能会慢一些，但是如果您出门在外并且没有带上合适的USB电缆，可能会节省很多时间。 为了将文件从Android传输到PC， Portal也是一种快速简便的解决方案。

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For simple tasks, a file manager isn’t really even necessary. Files you download are available for use directly in the Downloads app. Photos you take appear in the Photos or Gallery apps. Even media files you copy to your device–music, videos, and pictures–are automatically indexed by a process called “Mediaserver.” This process scans your internal storage or SD card for media files and notes their location, building up a library of media files that media players and other applications can use. However, while a user-visible file system isn’t necessarily for everyone, it’s still there for people who want it.

对于简单的任务，甚至根本不需要文件管理器。 您下载的文件可直接在“下载”应用程序中使用。 您拍摄的照片将显示在“照片”或“图库”应用程序中。 甚至复制到设备上的媒体文件(音乐，视频和图片)也会被称为“ Mediaserver”的进程自动编入索引。 此过程扫描您的内部存储器或SD卡中的媒体文件，并记下它们的位置，从而建立媒体播放器和其他应用程序可以使用的媒体文件库。 但是，尽管用户可见的文件系统并不一定适合所有人，但仍需要的人可以使用。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/202644/how-to-manage-files-and-use-the-file-system-on-android/