Outlook的PST和OST文件之间有什么区别？

Microsoft Outlook stores your emails, tasks, and appointments as either PST or OST files. These both do the same basic job. However, there are some differences that are important, depending on whether you want to backup, restore, or move your data.

Microsoft Outlook将您的电子邮件，任务和约会存储为PST或OST文件。 这些都做相同的基本工作。 但是，有些差异很重要，具体取决于您是要备份，还原还是移动数据。

To explain the difference between PST and OST files, we have to explain a bit of technological history—specifically, the difference between the POP and IMAP email protocols. Here’s a quick overview.

为了解释PST和OST文件之间的区别，我们必须解释一些技术历史，特别是POP和IMAP电子邮件协议之间的区别。 这是一个快速概述。

什么是POP？ (What Is POP?)

The traditional email protocol used in dial-up times was Post Office Protocol (POP). The current version of POP is version 3 (POP3).

拨号时间使用的传统电子邮件协议是邮局协议(POP)。 POP的当前版本是版本3(POP3)。

POP downloaded all your emails to the client, and then, by default, deleted them from the email server. This meant only a copy of your emails was on your computer. You could configure POP not to delete emails from the server.

POP将所有电子邮件下载到客户端，然后默认情况下将其从电子邮件服务器中删除。 这意味着您的计算机上只有电子邮件的副本。 您可以将POP配置为不从服务器删除电子邮件。

However, in those days, people normally checked their email from only one computer, so there wasn’t really a need to keep a second copy on the server.

但是，在那些日子里，人们通常只从一台计算机检查电子邮件，因此实际上并不需要在服务器上保留第二份副本。

When you use POP, any changes you make in your email client aren’t reflected in the email server. If you delete an email in the email client, nothing happens on the email server, and vice versa.

使用POP时，您在电子邮件客户端中进行的任何更改都不会反映在电子邮件服务器中。 如果在电子邮件客户端中删除电子邮件，则电子邮件服务器上不会发生任何React，反之亦然。

什么是IMAP？ (What Is IMAP?)

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Internet Messaging Access Protocol (IMAP) is a more modern protocol that downloads a copy of your email from the server to the client on your computer. Any changes you make in your email client are synced with the server. If you delete an email on your computer, it’s also deleted on the email server, and vice versa.

Internet消息访问协议(IMAP)是一种更现代的协议，可以将电子邮件的副本从服务器下载到计算机上的客户端。 您在电子邮件客户端中所做的任何更改都将与服务器同步。 如果您在计算机上删除电子邮件，则电子邮件服务器上的电子邮件也会被删除，反之亦然。

IMAP is much more suited to the modern world. We now access the same email account on multiple devices and most people have “always-on” broadband or fiber connections, and mobile data. Everything you do with your email is synced if you use IMAP.

IMAP更适合现代世界。 现在，我们可以在多个设备上访问同一电子邮件帐户，并且大多数人拥有“始终在线”的宽带或光纤连接以及移动数据。 如果使用IMAP，则对电子邮件所做的所有操作都会同步。

For example, if you send an email from your phone, you can look in the “Sent” folder on your tablet, and the email you sent will be there, as well. This is why we recommend using IMAP unless you have a specific reason to use POP3.

例如，如果您通过手机发送电子邮件，则可以在平板电脑上的“已发送”文件夹中查找，发送的电子邮件也将在其中。 这就是为什么我们建议使用IMAP的原因，除非您有特定的原因要使用POP3。

It’s also important to note that Microsoft uses Messaging API (MAPI) rather than IMAP for its email accounts. While they do differ, MAPI and IMAP both sync your emails between the client and email server.

还需要注意的是，Microsoft在其电子邮件帐户中使用了Messaging API(MAPI)而不是IMAP。 尽管它们确实有所不同，但是MAPI和IMAP都在客户端和电子邮件服务器之间同步您的电子邮件。

POP，IMAP和PST和OST文件 (POP, IMAP, and PST and OST Files)

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If you have a POP account, Outlook stores all your emails and appointments in a Personal Storage Table (.pst) file. A PST file can be imported into Outlook. This makes it ideal for moving your email to a new computer or creating a backup you can save in case your computer crashes or becomes inoperable.

如果您有POP帐户，则Outlook将所有电子邮件和约会存储在个人存储表(.pst)文件中。 可以将PST文件导入Outlook。 这使得它非常适合将电子邮件移至新计算机或创建可以保存的备份，以防计算机崩溃或无法使用。

Until Microsoft Outlook 2013, PST files were also used for IMAP or MAPI accounts. However, starting with Outlook 2016, the client stores all your emails and appointments from IMAP and MAPI accounts in an Offline Storage Table (.ost) file.

在Microsoft Outlook 2013之前，PST文件还用于IMAP或MAPI帐户。 但是，从Outlook 2016开始，客户端会将来自IMAP和MAPI帐户的所有电子邮件和约会存储在脱机存储表(.ost)文件中。

OST files automatically synchronize with the email server, as long as you have an internet connection. Unlike PST files, though, you can’t import an OST file into Outlook—because you don’t have to.

只要您具有Internet连接，OST文件就会自动与电子邮件服务器同步。 但是，与PST文件不同，您不必将OST文件导入Outlook。

If you’re setting up Outlook on a new machine and connecting to your email account via IMAP or MAPI, all of your emails will be on the server, and they’ll download automatically.

如果您要在一台新计算机上设置Outlook并通过IMAP或MAPI连接到您的电子邮件帐户，则所有电子邮件都将在服务器上，并且它们将自动下载。

The critical difference between PST and OST files is the contents of a PST are only available in that file. The contents of an OST, however, are also available on the email server and any other device you use to access your email account.

PST和OST文件之间的关键区别在于PST的内容仅在该文件中可用。 但是，OST的内容也可以在电子邮件服务器和用于访问电子邮件帐户的任何其他设备上找到。

您什么时候需要它们？ (When Do You Need Them?)

Most of the time, you won’t have to worry about PST and OST files. You’re unlikely to see or directly access either unless you go looking for them.

大多数时候，您不必担心PST和OST文件。 除非您要寻找它们，否则您不太可能看到或直接访问它们。

They’re really only important when you’re moving data to a new computer or want to archive your emails. If you use a POP3 email account, you’ll have to copy the PST file to your new computer, and then import it into Outlook, or you’ll lose all your emails.

仅当您将数据移至新计算机或要存档电子邮件时，它们才真正重要。 如果您使用POP3电子邮件帐户，则必须将PST文件复制到新计算机上，然后将其导入到Outlook中，否则您将丢失所有电子邮件。

If you use IMAP or MAPI, you only need to be aware of the size of your mailbox on the email server. If you ever reach the maximum size and want to keep all of your emails, you’ll have to export a chunk of them into a PST file, and then delete them from the email server.

如果使用IMAP或MAPI，则只需要知道电子邮件服务器上邮箱的大小即可。 如果达到最大大小并希望保留所有电子邮件，则必须将其中的一部分导出到PST文件中，然后将其从电子邮件服务器中删除。

You’ll then still be able to view those emails if you import the PST file into Outlook, but they’ll no longer be on the email server.

如果您将PST文件导入Outlook，则仍然可以查看那些电子邮件，但是它们将不再位于电子邮件服务器上。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/690076/whats-the-difference-between-outlooks-pst-and-ost-files/