JavaScript数组排序–如何使用JS排序方法（带有代码示例）-CSDN博客

In JavaScript, we can sort the elements of an array easily with a built-in method called the sort( ) function.

在JavaScript中，我们可以使用称为sort()函数的内置方法轻松地对数组的元素进行排序。

However, data types (string, number, and so on) can differ from one array to another. This means that using the sort( ) method alone is not always an appropriate solution.

但是，数据类型(字符串，数字等)在一个数组与另一个数组之间可能有所不同。这意味着仅使用sort()方法并不总是合适的解决方案。

In this post, you will learn how to sort an array in JavaScript by using the sort( ) method for strings and numbers.

在本文中，您将学习如何通过对字符串和数字使用sort()方法在JavaScript中对数组进行排序。

字符串数组 (Array of Strings)

Let's start with strings:

让我们从字符串开始：

const teams = ['Real Madrid', 'Manchester Utd', 'Bayern Munich', 'Juventus'];

When we use the sort( ) method, elements will be sorted in ascending order (A to Z) by default:

当我们使用sort()方法时，默认情况下元素将按升序排序(从A到Z)：

teams.sort(); 

// ['Bayern Munich', 'Juventus', 'Manchester Utd', 'Real Madrid']

If you prefer to sort the array in descending order, you need to use the reverse( ) method instead:

如果您希望按降序对数组进行排序，则需要使用reverse()方法：

teams.reverse();

// ['Real Madrid', 'Manchester Utd', 'Juventus', 'Bayern Munich']

数字数组 (Array of Numbers)

Sorting numbers is unfortunately not that simple. If we apply the sort method directly to a numbers array, we will see an unexpected result:

不幸的是，对数字进行排序并不是那么简单。如果我们将sort方法直接应用于numbers数组，则会看到意外的结果：

const numbers = [3, 23, 12];

numbers.sort(); // --> 12, 23, 3

为什么sort()方法不适用于数字 (Why the sort( ) method isn't working for numbers)

Actually it is working, but this problem happens because JavaScript sorts numbers alphabetically. Let me explain this in detail.

实际上它是可行的，但是会发生此问题，因为JavaScript按字母顺序对数字进行排序。让我详细解释一下。

Let's think of A=1, B=2, and C=3.

让我们考虑A = 1，B = 2和C = 3。

const myArray = ['C', 'BC', 'AB'];

myArray.sort(); // [AB, BC, C]

As an example, if we have three strings as C (3), BC (23) and AB(12), JavaScript will sort them as AB, BC, and C in an ascending order, which is alphabetically correct.

例如，如果我们有三个字符串，分别为C(3)，BC(23)和AB(12)，JavaScript会将它们按升序排序为AB，BC和C。

However, JavaScript will sort the numbers (alphabetically again) as 12, 23, and 3, which is incorrect.

但是，JavaScript会将数字按字母顺序再次排序为12、23和3，这是不正确的。

解决方案：比较功能 (Solution: The Compare Function)

Luckily, we can support the sort( ) method with a basic comparison function which will do the trick:

幸运的是，我们可以使用基本的比较功能来支持sort()方法，该方法可以完成此操作：

function(a, b) {return a - b}

The sort method, fortunately, can sort negative, zero, and positive values in the correct order. When the sort( ) method compares two values, it sends the values to our compare function and sorts the values according to the returned value.

幸运的是，排序方法可以按正确的顺序对负，零和正值进行排序。当sort()方法比较两个值时，它将这些值发送到我们的compare函数，并根据返回的值对这些值进行排序。

If the result is negative, a is sorted before b.
如果结果是否定的，则a排在b之前。
If the result is positive, b is sorted before a.
如果结果是肯定的，则b在a之前排序。
If the result is 0, nothing changes.
如果结果为0，则没有任何变化。

All we need to is using the compare function inside the sort( ) method:

我们需要做的就是在sort()方法中使用compare函数：

const numbers = [3, 23, 12];

numbers.sort(function(a, b){return a - b}); // --> 3, 12, 23

If we want to sort the numbers in descending order, this time we need to subtract the second parameter (b) from the first one (a):

如果要按降序对数字进行排序，这一次我们需要从第一个参数(a)中减去第二个参数(b)：

const numbers = [3, 23, 12];

numbers.sort(function(a, b){return b - a}); // --> 23, 12, 3

结语 (Wrap Up)

So as we can see, sorting the elements of an array can be done easily in JavaScript with the sort( ) method, if we know how to use it correctly. I hope my post helps you to understand how to use the sort( ) method in JavaScript in the right way.

如我们所见，如果我们知道如何正确使用数组，可以使用sort()方法轻松地对数组的元素进行排序。希望我的文章可以帮助您了解如何以正确的方式在JavaScript中使用sort()方法。

If you want to learn more about Web Development, feel free to visit my Youtube channel.

如果您想了解有关Web开发的更多信息，请随时访问我的Youtube频道。

Thank you for reading!

感谢您的阅读！