汇编相对简介寻址方式_寻址简介

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最新推荐文章于 2023-12-05 17:36:03 发布

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原文链接：https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/addressing.aspx

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汇编相对简介寻址方式

寻址简介 (Introduction to Addressing)

Addressing hosts is the process of assigning an address. Hosts are uniquely identified through the unique address. Addressing is of 2 types:

寻址主机是分配地址的过程。主机通过唯一地址唯一标识。寻址有两种类型：

Hardware Addressing
硬件编址
Logical Addressing
逻辑寻址

Hardware addressing is used to identify the host in the local area and it identifies the logical addressing host on the network level. These two types of addressing are being explained in detail below.

硬件寻址用于标识本地主机，并在网络级别标识逻辑主机。下面将详细说明这两种寻址方式。

硬件编址 (Hardware Addressing )

Hosts are uniquely identified in the local area network with the help of a hardware address. If you look at the OSI model, then the hardware addressing is done at layer 2 (Data link layer). Hardware address is also called MAC (Media Access Control) address. MAC address is hard-coded on the network interface cards (NIC).

借助硬件地址，可以在局域网中唯一标识主机。如果查看OSI模型，则硬件寻址是在第2层(数据链路层)完成的。硬件地址也称为MAC(媒体访问控制)地址。 MAC地址在网络接口卡(NIC)上进行了硬编码。

MAC address size is 48 bits. A MAC address is represented in hexadecimal form. An example of this is being given below.

MAC地址大小为48位。 MAC地址以十六进制形式表示。下面给出一个例子。

Example: 06: 5f: 39: ac: dd: 2c

例如：06：5f：39：ac：dd：2c

The first 6 digits of the MAC address are identified by the manufacturer of the NIC (Network Interface Card). These early 6 bits are also called the OUI (Organizational Unique Identifier). The remaining 6 digits host is used to uniquely identify the network. These last 6 digits are called the host id.

MAC地址的前6位数字由NIC(网络接口卡)的制造商标识。这些前6位也称为OUI(组织唯一标识符)。其余的6位数字主机用于唯一标识网络。这最后6位数字称为主机ID。

There is a decrease in the MAC address, so that you can not identify the network. If you want to identify which host is in the network then you will see its IP address. IP addresses are explained in logical addressing.

MAC地址减少了，因此您无法识别网络。如果要确定网络中的主机，则将看到其IP地址。 IP地址在逻辑寻址中说明。

逻辑寻址 (Logical Addressing )

According to the OSI model, logical addressing is used in the network layer. Through logical address, you uniquely identify a host in the entire network. Logical addresses also separate a network from another network. Logical addresses are not fixed and they can be changed too. Logical addresses are called IP addresses.

根据OSI模型，在网络层中使用逻辑寻址。通过逻辑地址，您可以唯一地标识整个网络中的主机。逻辑地址还将网络与另一个网络分隔开。逻辑地址不是固定的，也可以更改。逻辑地址称为IP地址。

The IP address size is 32 bit. An IP address is divided into 2 parts. The first part is the network ID from which it is identified that what is the host's network. The second part is the host ID from which the host is uniquely identified.

IP地址大小为32位。 IP地址分为两部分。第一部分是网络ID，从中可以识别出主机的网络是什么。第二部分是从中唯一标识主机的主机ID。

Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for logical addressing. Internet protocol performs 2 tasks. First logical addressing and second routing. A packet is forwarded through the routing to the right network.

Internet协议(IP)负责逻辑寻址。 Internet协议执行2个任务。第一逻辑寻址和第二路由。数据包通过路由转发到正确的网络。

Internet protocol provides 2 types of addressing. An IPV4 addressing and the second IPV6 addressing are done.

Internet协议提供两种寻址方式。完成IPV4寻址和第二个IPV6寻址。

In the IPV4 addressing, 32 bit addresses are assigned. This type of IP address consists of four octets of 8 bits.

在IPV4寻址中，分配了32位地址。这种IP地址由8位的四个八位位组组成。

什么是子网掩码？ (What is Subnet Mask?)

As we told you earlier, one part of the IP address tells the network and the second part tells the host. The subnet mask is meant to tell which part of the entire IP address represents the network and which host represents. Its subnet mask is connected with every IP address which can be seen by looking at which network and which host the IP address is.

如前所述，IP地址的一部分告诉网络，第二部分告诉主机。子网掩码的作用是告诉您整个IP地址的哪一部分代表网络，哪一台主机代表。它的子网掩码与每个IP地址相连，通过查看IP地址位于哪个网络和哪个主机可以看到它。

Before reading about the subnet mask, you must learn to decimal to binary and binary to decimal conversion.

在阅读有关子网掩码的信息之前，您必须学习十进制到二进制以及二进制到十进制的转换。

Example:

例：

    IP Address: 192 10. 2 . 1 
    subnet mask: 255 255 0. 0 

    IP (Binary): 11000000: 00001010: 00000010: 00000001 
    Subnet mask: 11111111: 11111111: 00000000: 00000000

See the example above given the subnet mask with the IP address. 255 in the subnet mask means network octet and 0 means host octet. In this example, 192.10 is the network part that represents the network. And 2.1 is the host part that represents the host.

请参见上面的示例，其中提供了带有IP地址的子网掩码。子网掩码中的255表示网络八位位组，0表示主机八位位组。在此示例中，192.10是代表网络的网络部分。 2.1是代表主机的主机部分。

If you look at the binary form then the network is represented by part 1 and the host part is represented by 0.

如果您查看二进制形式，则网络由部分1表示，主机部分由0表示。

IP地址类别 (Classes of IP Address)

IPV4 addresses have been divided into multiple classes. What type of IP address is it you can tell by viewing the range of the first octet of the IP address. Let's know about these classes in detail.

IPV4地址已分为多个类别。您可以通过查看IP地址的第一个八位位组的范围来分辨IP地址的类型。让我们详细了解这些类。

Class A
A级

Class A has a network range of 1 to 127 and this class has a default subnet mask 255.0.0.0. This means that the only first octet in the IP addresses of this class shows the network and the remaining 3 octets show hosts. This class has 127 networks and every network has 16777214 hosts.
A类的网络范围是1到127，此类具有默认的子网掩码255.0.0.0。这意味着此类IP地址中唯一的第一个八位位组显示网络，其余3个八位位组显示主机。此类有127个网络，每个网络有16777214个主机。
Class B
B级

The network range of class B is 128 to 191. The IP address of this class is the default subnet mask 255.255.0.0. This class represents the first 2 octet network in IP addresses and defines the last 2 octet hosts. There are 16384 networks in this class and 65534 hosts are in every network.
B类的网络范围是128到191。此类的IP地址是默认的子网掩码255.255.0.0。此类表示IP地址中的前2个八位位组网络，并定义了后2个八位位组主机。此类中有16384个网络，每个网络中有65534个主机。
Class C
C级

The network range of Class C is 192 to 223. The default subnet mask of IP addresses of this class is 255.255.255.0. This class represents the first 3 octet network in IP addresses and represents the last one octet host. This class has 2097152 networks and 254 hosts are in every network.
C类的网络范围是192到223。此类IP地址的默认子网掩码是255.255.255.0。此类表示IP地址中的前三个八位字节网络，并且表示最后一个八位字节主机。此类具有2097152网络，每个网络中有254个主机。
Class D
D级

Class D is reserved for the multicast network. There is no subnet mask for the addresses of this class.
D类是为多播网络保留的。此类的地址没有子网掩码。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/addressing.aspx