ansible playbook中import_tasks 和 include_tasks区别

1. import_tasks 引用变量时，要确保变量定义在 vars/vars_file或命令行中,不能使用facts变量和inventory里面的变量

]# cat import_include.yml
- hosts: nfs 
  gather_facts: no
  #vars:
  #  filename: test.yml
  tasks: 
    - set_fact:
        filename: test.yml
    - import_tasks: "{{ filename }}" 
    - include_tasks: "{{ filename }}"

]# ansible-playbook import_include.yml 
ERROR! Error when evaluating variable in import path: {{ filename }}.
When using static imports, ensure that any variables used in their names are defined in vars/vars_files
or extra-vars passed in from the command line. Static imports cannot use variables from facts or inventory
sources like group or host vars.

2.when 关键字对 include_tasks 和 import_tasks 有着本质区别

当对 import_tasks 使用 when 进行条件判断时，when 对应的条件会被应用于 include 文件中的每一个任务，意思是每要执行一个任务时，都要先进行条件判断。总结起来就是顺序执行 include 文件中列出的每一个任务前，都要进行条件判断，满足条件就执行，不满足就跳过，需要多次判断。

当对 include_tasks 使用 when 进行条件判断时，when 对应的条件只应用一次，发生在是否include这个文件，若include，则执行这个include文件中所有的任务，不再进行其他判断。下面的代码中，test1.yml中，打印finish的debug因为不满足条件num ==0，skipping跳过了。

]# cat when_import_include.yml
- hosts: nfs
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
    - name: "set num to 0"
      set_fact:
        num: 0
    - include_tasks: test1.yml
      when: num == 0

    - name: "set num to 0"
      set_fact: 
        num: 0
    - import_tasks: test1.yml
      when: num == 0

[root@m01 playbook]# cat test1.yml 
- name: "set num to 1"
  set_fact:
    num: 1
- debug:
    msg: "finish"

[root@m01 playbook]# ansible-playbook when_import_include.yml 
PLAY [nfs] **********************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [set num to 0] *************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [include_tasks] ************************************************************************************************************************
included: /server/scripts/ansible/playbook/test1.yml for 172.16.1.31
TASK [set num to 1] *************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [debug] ********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31] => {
    "msg": "finish"
}

TASK [set num to 0] *************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [set num to 1] *************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [debug] ********************************************************************************************************************************
skipping: [172.16.1.31]

PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************************************************
172.16.1.31                : ok=6    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0