计算机系统流水线_计算机科学组织| 流水线

计算机系统流水线

流水线 (Pipelining)

The term pipeline refers to the temporal overlapping of processing. The pipelining processing in a computer is similar to assembly lines in an industrial plant. Pipelines are nothing more than assembly lines in computing that can be used either for instruction processing or, in a more general sense, for the performance of any complex operation. For achieving pipelining, one must subdivide the input process into a sequence of subprocesses, each of which can be executed by a specialized hardware stage that operates concurrently with other stages in a pipeline. The concurrent execution of subprocesses led to the tremendous improvement of system throughput in the modern digital computer.

术语管道是指处理的时间重叠。 计算机中的流水线处理类似于工厂中的装配线。 流水线不过是计算中的流水线，可用于指令处理，或者从更一般的意义上讲，可用于执行任何复杂的操作。 为了实现流水线化，必须将输入过程细分为一系列子过程，每个子过程都可以由专门的硬件阶段执行，该阶段与管道中的其他阶段同时运行。 子流程的并行执行导致现代数字计算机中系统吞吐量的极大提高。

In Pipelining, specialized hardware stages are also known as hardware segments, which are linearly connected to perform a fixed function over a stream of data flowing from one end to the other. A processor supporting such a hardware architecture computation is known as pipeline processor.

在流水线中 ，专用硬件阶段也称为硬件段，它们线性连接以对从一端流到另一端的数据流执行固定功能。 支持这种硬件体系结构计算的处理器称为流水线处理器。

Pipeline processors are constructed with k processing stages. Data inputs such as operands are fed into the pipeline at the first stage S1. The processed results are passed from stage Si to stage Si+1, for all i = 1, 2, 3… k-1. The final result emerges from the pipeline at the last stage Sk. A specific control mechanism is used to pass data flow along the pipeline stages.

流水线处理器由k个处理阶段构成。 在第一阶段S1 ，将诸如操作数之类的数据输入馈送到流水线中。 对于所有i = 1、2、3…k-1，已处理的结果从阶段Si传递到阶段Si + 1 。 最终结果从最后阶段Sk的管道中得出。 一种特定的控制机制用于沿流水线级传递数据流。

流水线类型 (Types of pipelining)

There are two types of pipelining:

有两种流水线类型：

1. Arithmetic pipelining

   算术流水线

2. Instruction pipelining

   指令流水线

1)算术管道 (1) Arithmetic Pipeline)

A digital computer performs fixed point or integer arithmetic and floating point arithmetic functions. In modern computers, these two functions ( i.e. the integer arithmetic and floating point arithmetic) are performed by two separate units to introduce parallelism. These units perform scalar operations involving one pair of operands at a time.

数字计算机执行定点或整数算术和浮点算术功能。 在现代计算机中，这两个功能(即整数算术和浮点算术)由两个单独的单元执行以引入并行性。 这些单元一次执行涉及一对操作数的标量运算。

2)指令流水线 (2) Instruction Pipeline)

Instruction Cycle involves subcycles, such as fetch, decode, execute and store. For several instructions, these subcycles are performed simultaneously to reduce overall processing time. This process is referred to as instruction pipelining. We can apply the instruction pipelining process in the number of stages

指令周期涉及子周期，例如获取，解码，执行和存储。 对于一些指令，这些子循环可以同时执行以减少总处理时间。 此过程称为指令流水线。 我们可以在阶段数中应用指令流水线过程

1. Fetch: read the instruction from the memory.

   获取：从内存中读取指令。

2. Decode: decode the opcode and fetch source operand if necessary.

   解码：解码操作码并在必要时获取源操作数。

3. Execute: Perform the operation specified by the instruction.

   执行：执行指令指定的操作。

4. Store: store the result in the destination.

   存储：将结果存储在目标位置。

As the instruction process is divided into four stages so it is also known as Four Stage Instruction Pipeline.

由于指令过程分为四个阶段，因此也称为“四阶段指令流水线”。

In this instruction pipelining, four instructions are in progress at any given time, which means that the four distinct hardware units are needed. These units are implemented in such a way that they are capable of performing their tasks simultaneously and without interfering with one another. Information from one stage is passed to the next stage with the help of the buffers.

在该指令流水线中，在任何给定时间都在执行四个指令，这意味着需要四个不同的硬件单元。 这些单元以这样一种方式实现：它们能够同时执行其任务，而不会互相干扰。 来自一级的信息将在缓冲区的帮助下传递到下一级。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/cso/pipelining.aspx

计算机系统流水线