物联网系统和操作系统的差距_实时操作系统和分时操作系统之间的差异

物联网系统和操作系统的差距

The types of operating systems are Time Sharing OS and Real-Time operating system. These can be differentiated in many ways.

操作系统类型为分时操作系统和实时操作系统 。 这些可以通过许多方式加以区分。

1)实时操作系统 (1) Real-Time operating system)

Real-time systems are considered as special-purpose systems where are need of fixed amount of time on the operation of a processor or the flow of data and to respond to the inputs to perform the task.

实时系统被认为是专用系统，其中在处理器的操作或数据流上需要固定的时间量，并且需要对输入进行响应以执行任务。

• The processing of the given input or data must be done within the given time constraints otherwise the system fails.

  给定输入或数据的处理必须在给定的时间限制内完成，否则系统将失败。

• The logical result or output of the computation produces by the system and the time to produce the result describes the accuracy of the system.

  系统产生的逻辑结果或计算结果以及产生结果的时间描述了系统的准确性。

• Real-time systems are medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, home appliance systems, automobile-engine fuel injection systems, and weapon systems, etc.

  实时系统是医学成像系统，工业控制系统，家用电器系统，汽车发动机燃油喷射系统和武器系统等。

• Real-time systems fetch data from sensors after that process it and provide output before the time constraints as it has well defined fixed time constraints.

  实时系统在对其进行处理后从传感器中获取数据，并在时间限制之前提供输出，因为它具有明确定义的固定时间限制。

• It contains methods for real-time scheduling tasks.

  它包含用于实时调度任务的方法。

• There are two types of real-time operating systems: i) Hard real-time systems and ii) soft real-time systems.

  实时操作系统有两种类型：i)硬实时系统和ii)软实时系统。

i)硬实时系统 (i) Hard Real-Time System)

In a hard-real time system, the system must perform the task within the given time constraints. If there is a single failure in the system to meet the deadline is a complete or catastrophic system failure.

在硬实时系统中，系统必须在给定的时间限制内执行任务。 如果系统中只有一个故障无法满足最后期限，则可能是整个系统或灾难性的系统故障。

Air Traffic Control systems, missiles, and nuclear reactor control systems are some examples of hard real-time systems.

空中交通管制系统，导弹和核React堆控制系统是硬实时系统的一些示例。

ii)软实时系统 (ii) Soft Real-Time System)

In a soft real-time system, it is less restrictive as producing output within a specified deadline is not necessary.

在软实时系统中，它的限制较少，因为没有必要在指定的期限内产生输出。

There can be a small tolerance. Missing the deadline is not considered as a total system failure but the performance is considered to be degraded.

公差可能很小。 错过最后期限并不被认为是整个系统的故障，但是性能却被认为是下降的。

Multimedia streaming, digital audio, and virtual reality are some examples of soft real-time systems.

多媒体流，数字音频和虚拟现实是软实时系统的一些示例。

2)分时操作系统 (2) Time Sharing Operating System)

It is the extension of the multi-programming operating system. Here extension is that the user can interact with the program running.

它是多程序操作系统的扩展。 这里的扩展是用户可以与正在运行的程序进行交互。

• Among multiple user processors, time can be shared. The small amount of time is assigned to each job at once and then move on to the next task. This user can obtain output from the program and can input another command and wait for that output.

  在多个用户处理器之间，可以共享时间。 少量时间会立即分配给每个作业，然后继续进行下一个任务。 该用户可以从程序获得输出，也可以输入另一个命令并等待该输出。

• Many users can use the same computer at the same time and each user can interact with the system. By switching from one program to another, it makes an illusion that each process has its processor. Before switching to the next process, it produces the output of the currently running program.

  许多用户可以同时使用同一台计算机，并且每个用户都可以与系统进行交互。 通过从一个程序切换到另一个程序，它会幻想每个进程都有其处理器。 在切换到下一个进程之前，它会生成当前正在运行的程序的输出。

实时操作系统和分时操作系统之间的区别 (Difference between Real-Time Operating System and Time Sharing Operating System)

1. In RTOS a computational task is accomplished within a specified amount of time whereas in Time-Sharing OS emphasis is providing a quick response to a request.

   在RTOS中，计算任务是在指定的时间内完成的，而在分时OS中，重点是提供对请求的快速响应。

2. In RTOS process deals with one application at a time but in Time-Sharing OS process deals with more than one application simultaneously.

   在RTOS流程中，一次只处理一个应用程序，而在分时操作系统中，流程同时处理多个应用程序。

3. Switching does not present in a real-time system whereas it takes place in a time-sharing system.

   切换在实时系统中不存在，而在分时系统中发生。

4. In RTOS a process can retain the resources for a fixed amount of time and can be reallocated to another process after that time but users can share resources in real-time systems.

   在RTOS中，一个进程可以将资源保留固定的时间，并且可以在此时间后重新分配给另一个进程，但是用户可以在实时系统中共享资源。

5. The modification does not take place in RTOS. In a real-time system, any modification in the program can be possible.

   修改不会在RTOS中进行。 在实时系统中，程序中的任何修改都是可能的。

6. In real-time system users should get a response within a fraction of time but if not results are disastrous. In a time-sharing system, the response should get within fractions of seconds but if not, the results are not disastrous.

   在实时系统中，用户应在短时间内获得响应，但如果不是这样，结果将是灾难性的。 在分时系统中，响应应该在几分之一秒之内，但如果不是这样，结果就不会是灾难性的。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/real-time-operating-system-vs-time-sharing-operating-system.aspx

物联网系统和操作系统的差距