ipv6寻址_逻辑寻址：IPV4寻址| 计算机网络

ipv6寻址

Usually, computers communicate through the Internet. The packet(data) transmitted by the sender computer may pass through several LANs or WANs before reaching the destination computer. For this level of communication, we need a global addressing scheme what we call logical addressing. An IP address is used globally to refer to the logical address in the network layer of the TCP/IP protocol.

通常，计算机通过Internet进行通信。 由发送方计算机传输的数据包(数据)在到达目标计算机之前可能会通过多个LAN或WAN。 对于这种级别的通信，我们需要一种称为逻辑寻址的全局寻址方案。 全局使用IP地址来引用TCP / IP协议网络层中的逻辑地址。

The Internet addresses are 32 bits in length; this gives us a maximum of 2³² addresses. These addresses are referred to as IPv4 (IP version 4) addresses or popularly as IP addresses.

Internet地址的长度为32位； 这最多给我们2 ^32个地址。 这些地址称为IPv4(IP版本4)地址，或通常称为IP地址 。

IPV4地址 (IPV4 addresses)

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet. They are unique so that each address defines only one connection to the Internet. Two devices on the Internet can never have the same IPV4 address at the same time.

IPv4地址是一个32位地址，可唯一且通用地定义设备(例如计算机或路由器)与Internet的连接。 它们是唯一的，因此每个地址仅定义一个到Internet的连接。 Internet上的两个设备永远不能同时具有相同的IPV4地址 。

On the other hand, if a device operating at the network layer has m connections to the Internet, it needs to have m addresses, for example, a router.

另一方面，如果在网络层运行的设备具有与Internet的m个连接，则它需要具有m个地址，例如路由器。

The IPv4 addresses are universal in the sense that the addressing system must be accepted by any host that wants to be connected to the Internet. That means global addressing.

IPv4地址在某种意义上是通用的，即寻址系统必须被任何要连接到Internet的主机接受。 这意味着全局寻址。

地址空间 (Address Space)

IPv4 has a certain address space. An address space is the total number of addresses used by the protocol. If a protocol uses N bits to define an address, the address space is 2^N

IPv4具有一定的地址空间。 地址空间是协议使用的地址总数。 如果协议使用N位来定义地址，则地址空间为2 ^N

IPv4 uses 32-bit address format, which means that the address space is 2³² or 4,294,967,296

IPv4使用32位地址格式，这意味着地址空间为2 ³²或4,294,967,296

记号 (Notations)

There are two notations to show an IPv4 address:

有两种表示法来显示IPv4地址 ：

1. Binary notation

   二进制符号

2. Dotted decimal notation

   点分十进制表示法

1) Binary Notation

1)二进制符号

In binary notation, the IPv4 address is displayed as 32 bits. Each octet is often referred to as a byte. So it is common to hear an IPv4 address referred to a 4-byte address. The following is an example of an IPv4 address in binary notation: 01110111 10010101 00000001 00000011

以二进制表示法， IPv4地址显示为32位。 每个八位位组通常称为一个字节。 因此，通常会听到一个称为4字节地址的IPv4地址。 以下是二进制格式的IPv4地址的示例： 01110111 10010101 00000001 00000011

2) Dotted-Decimal Notation

2)点分十进制表示法

IPV4 addresses are usually written in decimal form with a decimal point (dot) separating the bytes since it’s more compatible. The following is an example: 119.149.1.3 (above one and this one is same just different notation)

IPV4地址通常以十进制形式编写，用小数点(点)分隔字节，因为它更兼容。 下面是一个示例： 119.149.1.3 (上面一个与这个相同，只是符号不同)

N.B: Each number in dotted-decimal notation is a value ranging from 0 to 255.

注意：点分十进制格式的每个数字都是0到255之间的值。

References:

参考文献：

• IP addressing

  IP编址

• IP4 Addresses

  IP4地址

• Book: TCP/IP protocol

  书籍：TCP / IP协议

• Data communication & networking

  数据通讯与网络

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/logical-addressing-ipv4-addressing.aspx

ipv6寻址