计算机网络osi七层模型_OSI模型中应用程序层的功能| 计算机网络

计算机网络osi七层模型

什么是应用层？ (What is Application Layer?)

The Application Layer is at the top level of the OSI model. It is permissible by this layer to the software or user to get access to the network.

应用层位于OSI模型的顶层。 该层允许软件或用户访问网络。

• It provides interfaces and support for services such as electronic mail, remote file access, and transfer, shared database management, directory services, network resources, etc. and other types of distributed information services also.

  它为服务提供接口和支持，例如电子邮件，远程文件访问和传输，共享数据库管理，目录服务，网络资源等，以及其他类型的分布式信息服务。

• In numerous ways manipulation of data (information) is done in this layer.

  在这一层中以多种方式对数据(信息)进行了处理。

• The Application Layer contains a variety of protocols that are commonly required by users. A widely-used application protocol is HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), which is the basis for the World Wide Web(WWW).

  应用层包含用户通常需要的各种协议。 广泛使用的应用协议是HTTP(超文本传输​​协议)，它是万维网(WWW)的基础。

• When a browser requests a web page, it sends the name of the page it wants to the server using HTTP. The server then fulfills the request by sending the page back.

  当浏览器请求网页时，它会使用HTTP将所需页面的名称发送到服务器。 然后，服务器通过将页面发回来满足请求。

• The application layer uses More than 15 protocols, including File Transfer Protocol, Telnet, Trivial File Transfer Protocol, and Simple Network Management Protocol, etc.

  应用层使用超过15种协议，包括文件传输协议，Telnet，普通文件传输协议和简单网络管理协议等。

Example:

例：

Out of many available application services, the figure shows three services: X.400 (message-handling services);

在许多可用的应用程序服务中，该图显示了三种服务：X.400(消息处理服务)；

• File transfer, access, and management (FTAM).

  文件传输，访问和管理(FTAM)。

• The user in this example uses X.400 to send an e-mail message.

  本示例中的用户使用X.400发送电子邮件。

• There is no headers or trailers are added in this layer.

  在此层中没有添加标题或尾部。

This figure shows the relationship of the Application layer to the user and the presentation layer.

该图显示了应用程序层与用户和表示层之间的关系。

应用层的设计问题 (Design Issues with Application Layer)

In the design and implementation of Application Layer protocols occurring problems and these problems can be addressed by patterns from several different pattern languages:

在设计和实现应用层协议时，可以通过几种不同的模式语言中的模式来解决出现的问题和这些问题：

• Design (pattern) Language for Application-level Communication Protocols

  应用程序级通信协议的设计(模式)语言

• Service Design Patterns

  服务设计模式

• Enterprise Application Architecture's Patterns

  企业应用程序架构的模式

• Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture

  面向模式的软件架构

应用层的功能 (Functionalities of the Application layer)

Specific functionalities of the Application layer are as follows:

应用程序层的特定功能如下：

1) Network Virtual terminal

1)网络虚拟终端

• The application layer is the software version of a physical terminal and this layer permitted to a user to log on to a remote host.

  应用层是物理终端的软件版本，并且该层允许用户登录到远程主机。

• For this, an application creates a software emulation of a terminal at the remote host. By this user's computer can communicate with the software terminal, which in turn, communicates with the host.

  为此，应用程序在远程主机上创建终端的软件仿真。 通过该用户的计算机可以与软件终端进行通信，而软件终端又可以与主机进行通信。

• It is shown that the remote host is communicating with one of its terminals, so it allows the user to log on.

  显示远程主机正在与其终端之一进行通信，因此它允许用户登录。

2) File Transfer, Access, and Management (FTAM)

2)文件传输，访问和管理(FTAM)

• An application permits a user to access files in a remote computer, to retrieve files from a computer and to manage files on a remote computer.

  应用程序允许用户访问远程计算机中的文件，从计算机中检索文件以及管理远程计算机上的文件。

• FTAM is concerned with a hierarchical virtual file in terms of file attributes, file structure and the types of operations performed on the files and their attributes.

  FTAM在文件属性，文件结构以及对文件及其属性执行的操作类型方面关注分层虚拟文件。

3) Addressing

3)寻址

• To achieve communication between client and server system, there is a need for addressing.

  为了实现客户端和服务器系统之间的通信，需要寻址。

• When a request is sent from the client side to the server side, this request contains the server address and its own address.

  当请求从客户端发送到服务器端时，该请求包含服务器地址和它自己的地址。

• The server answered to the client request, this request contains the destination address, i.e., client address. DNS is used to achieve this type of addressing.

  服务器回答了客户请求，该请求包含目的地址，即客户地址。 DNS用于实现这种类型的寻址。

4) Mail Services

4)邮件服务

Email forwarding and storage of e-mails provided by an application layer.

电子邮件转发和应用程序层提供的电子邮件存储。

5) Directory Services

5)目录服务

A distributed database is contained by an application that provides access for global information about various objects and services.

一个应用程序包含一个分布式数据库，该应用程序提供对有关各种对象和服务的全局信息的访问。

6) Authentication

6)认证

It provides authentication to occur between devices for an extra layer of security and it authenticates the sender or receiver's message or both.

它提供了在设备之间进行身份验证的功能，以提供额外的安全性，并且对发送方或接收方的消息或两者进行身份验证。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/functions-of-application-layer-in-the-osi-model.aspx

计算机网络osi七层模型