04-20.eri-test S.O.L.I.D：开放/封闭原则

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-14 18:46:05 发布

cunbang3337

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-14 18:46:05 发布

阅读量164

点赞数

文章标签： java 设计模式

What is S。Ø。大号.一世.D顺便问一下？

As per Wiki:

在面向对象的计算机编程中，SOLID是五个设计原则的助记词缩写，旨在使软件设计更易于理解，灵活和可维护。

SOLID is an acronym for 5 important design principles when doing OOP. 它是由Robert C首次引入的。. Martin (Uncle Bob), in his 2000 paper Design Principles和Design Patterns.

SOLID代表 -

S - Single Responsibility Principle
O - Open/Closed Principle
L - Liskov's Substitution Principle
I - Interface Segregation Principle
D - Dependency Inversion Principle

在本文中，我将介绍O-开/关原理.
注意-示例将使用Java，但适用于任何OOP语言。

O - Open/Closed Principle (OCP)

开放/封闭原则（OCP）是SOLID原则，其中指出

软件实体（类，模块，功能等）应打开以进行扩展，但应关闭以进行修改。

简而言之，当客户或产品所有者提出变更请求时，我们应努力编写无需修改即可扩展的代码。

Anti OCP usage

我们首先来看一个打破OCP原则的例子。

// 一般投资.java
public class 一般投资 {
  public Double initialAmount;
  public int year;
  public Double tax;

  public 一般投资(Double initialAmount, int year, Double tax) {
    this.initialAmount = initialAmount;
    this.year = year;
    this.tax = tax;
  }
}

//投资经理.java
public final class 投资经理 {
  public Double calculateReturn(General投资 investment) {
    return investment.initialAmount + (investment.year * investment.initialAmount * investment.tax);
  }
}

所以，我们有一个General投资类和投资经理类。的唯一目的投资经理是计算类型的回报GeneralInvestment.

更进一步，我们有一个功能请求来计算收益先进投资。让我们添加一些代码来完成此操作。

//先进投资.java
public class 先进投资 extends GeneralInvestment {
  public Double incremental;
  public int period;

  public AdvancedInvestment(Double initialAmount, int year, Double tax, Double incremental, int period) {
    super(initialAmount, year, tax);
    this.incremental = incremental;
    this.period = period;
  }
}

现在，我们有AdvancedInvestment到位。让我们更新我们的投资经理类以处理新案件。

public final class InvestmentManager {
  public Double calculatereturn(GeneralInvestment investment) {
    if (investment instanceof AdvancedInvestment) {
      AdvancedInvestment advancedInvestment = (AdvancedInvestment) investment;
      return advancedInvestment.initialAmount
          + (advancedInvestment.year * advancedInvestment.initialAmount * advancedInvestment.tax)
          + (advancedInvestment.period * advancedInvestment.incremental * advancedInvestment.tax);
    } else {
      return investment.initialAmount + (investment.year * investment.initialAmount * investment.tax);
    }
  }
}

这可行！
但是，它违反了OCP，因为InvestmentManager类是

封闭延长
开放修改

OCP in action

让我们尝试在不破坏OCP的情况下实现上述方案。

第1步：创建一个界面

// Investment.java
interface Investment {
  public Double calculateReturn();
}

第2步：更新资料GeneralInvestment and AdvancedInvestment通过实施课程Investment接口

//GeneralInvestment.java
public class GeneralInvestment implements Investment {
  public Double initialAmount;
  public int year;
  public Double tax;

  public GeneralInvestment(Double initialAmount, int year, Double tax) {
    this.initialAmount = initialAmount;
    this.year = year;
    this.tax = tax;
  }

  public Double calculateReturn() {
    return initialAmount + (year * initialAmount * tax);
  }
}

//AdvancedInvestment.java
public class AdvancedInvestment implements Investment {
  public Double incremental;
  public int period;
  public GeneralInvestment investment;

  public AdvancedInvestment(Double initialAmount, int year, Double tax, Double incremental, int period) {
    this.incremental = incremental;
    this.period = period;
    this.investment = new GeneralInvestment(initialAmount, year, tax);
  }

  public Double calculateReturn() {
    return investment.initialAmount + (investment.year * investment.initialAmount * investment.tax)
        + (period * incremental * investment.tax);
  }
}

第三步：最后更新InvestmentManager class

//InvestmentManager.java
public final class InvestmentManager {
  public Double calculateReturn(Investment investment) {
    return investment.calculateReturn();
  }
}