物理层-OSI参考模型

Physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI reference model. It is responsible for sending bits from one computer to another. This layer is not concerned with the meaning of the bits and deals with the setup of physical connection to the network and with transmission and reception of signals.

物理层是OSI参考模型的最低层。 它负责将位从一台计算机发送到另一台计算机。 该层不关心位的含义，而是处理与网络的物理连接的建立以及信号的发送和接收。

物理层的功能 (Functions of Physical Layer)

Following are the various functions performed by the Physical layer of the OSI model.

以下是OSI模型的物理层执行的各种功能。

1. Representation of Bits: Data in this layer consists of stream of bits. The bits must be encoded into signals for transmission. It defines the type of encoding i.e. how 0's and 1's are changed to signal.

   位表示：该层中的数据由位流组成。 这些位必须编码为信号才能传输。 它定义了编码类型，即如何将0和1更改为信号。

2. Data Rate: This layer defines the rate of transmission which is the number of bits per second.

   数据速率：该层定义传输速率，即每秒的位数。

3. Synchronization: It deals with the synchronization of the transmitter and receiver. The sender and receiver are synchronized at bit level.

   同步：处理发送器和接收器的同步。 发送方和接收方在位级别同步。

4. Interface: The physical layer defines the transmission interface between devices and transmission medium.

   接口：物理层定义设备与传输介质之间的传输接口。

5. Line Configuration: This layer connects devices with the medium: Point to Point configuration and Multipoint configuration.

   线路配置：此层将设备与介质连接：点对点配置和多点配置。

6. Topologies: Devices must be connected using the following topologies: Mesh, Star, Ring and Bus.

   拓扑：必须使用以下拓扑连接设备：网状，星形，环形和总线。

7. Transmission Modes: Physical Layer defines the direction of transmission between two devices: Simplex, Half Duplex, Full Duplex.

   传输模式：物理层定义了两个设备之间的传输方向：单工，半双工，全双工。

8. Deals with baseband and broadband transmission.

   处理基带和宽带传输。

物理层的设计问题 (Design Issues with Physical Layer)

• The Physical Layer is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel.

  物理层与通过通信信道传输原始比特有关。

• The design issue has to do with making sure that when one side sends a 1 bit, it is received by the other side as a 1 bit and not as a 0 bit.

  设计问题与确保一侧发送1位时，另一侧以1位而不是0位接收它有关。

• Typical questions here are:

  这里的典型问题是：

  • 1 bit and how many for a 1位，而对于0?0应该用多少伏？
  • How many nanoseconds a bit lasts?
  • Whether transmission may proceed simultaneously in both directions?
  • Whether transmission may proceed simultaneously in both directions?
  • How many pins the network connector has and what each pin is used for?

• The design issues here largely deal with mechanical, electrical and timing interfaces, and the physical transmission medium, which lies below the physical layer.

  这里的设计问题主要涉及机械，电气和定时接口以及位于物理层下方的物理传输介质。

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/osi-model-physical-layer