什么是查询（数据库查询）？

Query is a request to an information system to get information for the specific information in which parameters are defined inside the query. The query is mainly used as a database term where database servers are queried for different types of information.

Query是对信息系统的请求，以获取有关特定信息的信息，其中在查询中定义了参数。 该查询主要用作数据库术语，在其中查询数据库服务器以获取不同类型的信息。

查询参数 (Query Parameters)

An information or database system generally provides a lot of different types, sizes, and structures of information. In order to get the information we want we need to specify some parameters during the query. The Query Parameters can be specified in different ways for different query languages. But as generally similar parameter names and logic is used.

信息或数据库系统通常提供许多不同类型，大小和结构的信息。 为了获得所需信息，我们需要在查询期间指定一些参数。 可以用不同的方式为不同的查询语言指定Query Parameters 。 但通常使用相似的参数名称和逻辑。

• Return names starting with letter A
  返回以字母A开头的名称
• Return all information about the people whose age is over 65
  返回有关65岁以上人群的所有信息
• Return class name of all students from all people data
  从所有人数据返回所有学生的班级名称

查询指标和性能(Query Metrics and Performance)

Another important part of a query is its performance. Query Performance is related to the remote information or database system performance with the query type, returned information and the network connection. Especially enterprise-level applications require reliable and high performance to work smoothly so different query optimization techniques are used.

查询的另一个重要部分是其性能。 Query Performance与远程信息或数据库系统的性能有关，该性能与查询类型，返回的信息和网络连接有关。 尤其是企业级应用程序需要可靠且高性能才能平稳运行，因此使用了不同的查询优化技术。

查询语言 (Query Languages)

Querying a remote information or database system is related to the remote information or database system installed software. In general database systems are categorized as Relational and Non-Relational. This categorization sets the query language, as well as the platform of the client, also provides different query language which are translated into the remote database system and software language.

查询远程信息或数据库系统与远程信息或数据库系统安装的软件有关。 通常，数据库系统分为关系型和非关系型。 这种分类设置了查询语言以及客户端的平台，还提供了不同的查询语言，这些查询语言被转换为远程数据库系统和软件语言。

SQL (Strcutured Query Language) is the most popular query language. SQL is used by the Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS) in order to provide requested information in a generic, fast and standardized way. SQL is supported by all major RDMS. SQL is also used as a base for a lot of popular query programming languages like PSQL, PL/SQL, T-SQL, etc.

SQL (Strcutured Query Language)是最流行的查询语言。 关系数据库管理系统(RDMS)使用SQL，以便以通用，快速和标准化的方式提供请求的信息。 所有主要的RDMS都支持SQL。 SQL还用作许多流行的查询编程语言(例如PSQL，PL / SQL，T-SQL等)的基础。

Select Name, Surname, Age From People Where Age > 65

LINQ (Language Integrated Query) is as its name suggests a programming language integrated query language that is provided by the .NET framework and its programming languages C#, F#, VB.NET. The query is created by using programming language structures like from , where ,select new , foreach etc which are similar to the SQL language keywords.

LINQ (Language Integrated Query)顾名思义是.NET框架及其编程语言C＃，F＃，VB.NET提供的一种编程语言集成查询语言。 使用类似于SQL语言关键字的编程语言结构(如from ， where ， select new ， foreach等)创建查询。

var results =  from c in SomeCollection
               where c.SomeProperty < 10
               select new {c.SomeProperty, c.OtherProperty};

foreach (var result in results)
{
        Console.WriteLine(result);
}

CQL (Cassandra Query Language) is the query language used for the NoSQL database system named Cassandra. CQL is influenced by RDMS where a lot of SQL structures are used inside the CQL. The following example will query for the user’s name and occupation that userid is one of 199, 200, 207.

CQL (Cassandra Query Language)是用于NoSQL数据库系统的查询语言，名为Cassandra。 CQL受RDMS的影响，其中RQMS内部使用了许多SQL结构。 下面的示例将查询用户名和用户ID是199、200、207之一的职业。

SELECT name, occupation FROM users WHERE userid IN (199, 200, 207);

XQuery (XML Query) and XPath are other popular query languages that are mainly used to query XML based or structured data. XQuery and XPath are mainly used to parse and query structured markup languages like XML, HTML, XHTML, etc.

XQuery (XML Query)和XPath是其他流行的查询语言，主要用于查询基于XML或结构化数据。 XQuery和XPath主要用于解析和查询结构化的标记语言，例如XML，HTML，XHTML等。

Google Search Engine Language is a different type of query language that is used by millions of people every day. Google Search Engine provides some basic query language structures in order to make a Google search in a precisely defined way. Following query search the term “poftut.com” in all over the web except the domain “poftut.com” by using -site: parameter.

Google Search Engine Language是另一种查询语言，每天有数百万人使用。 Google搜索引擎提供了一些基本的查询语言结构，以便以精确定义的方式进行Google搜索。 查询后，使用-site：参数在除域“ poftut.com”之外的整个网络中搜索术语“ poftut.com”。

"poftut.com" -site:poftut.com

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翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-a-query-database-query/