当编译器遇到属性声明时(参见《The Objective-C Programming Language》中的《Declared Properties》),它会产生与封闭类、类别或协议相关联的描述性元数据。你可以使用方法访问该元数据,支持通过类或协议中的名字查找属性,获得以 @encode 字符串表示的属性类型,以及拷贝属性的标志列表作为C字符串数组。已声明的属性的列表对于每个类和协议都是可用的。
7.1 Property Type and Functions 属性类型和方法
Property 结构体定义了属性描述符的不透明句柄。
typedef struct objc_property *Property;
你可以使用 class_copyPropertyList 函数和 protocol_copyPropertyList 函数分别取回关联到类(包括已加载的类别)和协议的属性数组:
objc_property_t *class_copyPropertyList(Class cls, unsigned int *outCount)
objc_property_t *protocol_copyPropertyList(Protocol *proto, unsigned int *outCount)
例如,给定以下类声明:
@interface Lender : NSObject {
float alone;
}
@property float alone;
@end
你可以通过以下方法获得属性列表:
id LenderClass = objc_getClass("Lender");
unsigned int outCount;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(LenderClass, &outCount);
你可以使用 property_getName 函数发现属性的名称:
const char *property_getName(objc_property_t property)
你可以使用 class_getProperty 和 protocol_getProperty 分别获得类和协议中给定名称的属性的引用:
objc_property_t class_getProperty(Class cls, const char *name)
objc_property_t protocol_getProperty(Protocol *proto, const char *name, BOOL isRequiredProperty, BOOL isInstanceProperty)
你可以使用 property_getAttributes 函数发现名称和属性的@encode类型字符串属性。编码类型字符串的详情,参见 Type Encodings;这个字符串的详情,见 Property Type String 和 Property Attribute Description Examples。
const char *property_getAttributes(objc_property_t property)
把这些放到一起,你可以使用以下代码打印一份关联到类的所有属性的列表:
id LenderClass = objc_getClass("Lender");
unsigned int outCount, i;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(LenderClass, &outCount);
for (i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
objc_property_t property = properties[i];
fprintf(stdout, "%s %s\n", property_getName(property), property_getAttributes(property));
}
7.2 Property Type String 属性类型字符串
你可以使用 property_getAttributes 函数发现属性的名称、 @encode 类型字符串以及属性的其他特征。
该字符串以跟着 @encode 类型和逗号的 T 开头,最后以跟着后台实例变量的名称的 V 结束。在它们之间,属性由以下描述符说明,以逗号分隔:
Table 7-1 Declared property type encodings
Code | Meaning |
---|---|
R | The property is read-only (readonly). |
C | The property is a copy of the value last assigned (copy). |
& | The property is a reference to the value last assigned (retain). |
N | The property is non-atomic (nonatomic). |
G | The property defines a custom getter selector name. The name follows the G (for example, GcustomGetter,). |
S | The property defines a custom setter selector name. The name follows the S (for example, ScustomSetter:,). |
D | The property is dynamic (@dynamic). |
W | The property is a weak reference (__weak). |
P | The property is eligible for garbage collection. |
t | Specifies the type using old-style encoding. |
例子参见《Property Attribute Description Examples》。
7.3 Property Attribute Description Examples 属性描述实例
给出这些定义:
enum FooManChu { FOO, MAN, CHU };
struct YorkshireTeaStruct { int pot; char lady; };
typedef struct YorkshireTeaStruct YorkshireTeaStructType;
union MoneyUnion { float alone; double down; };
下表展示了属性声明范例和 property_getAttributes 方法的响应字符串:
Property declaration | Property description |
---|---|
@property char charDefault; | Tc,VcharDefault |
@property double doubleDefault; | Td,VdoubleDefault |
@property enum FooManChu enumDefault; | Ti,VenumDefault |
@property float floatDefault; | Tf,VfloatDefault |
@property int intDefault; | Ti,VintDefault |
@property long longDefault; | Tl,VlongDefault |
@property short shortDefault; | Ts,VshortDefault |
@property signed signedDefault; | Ti,VsignedDefault |
@property struct YorkshireTeaStruct structDefault; | T{YorkshireTeaStruct=”pot”i”lady”c},VstructDefault |
@property YorkshireTeaStructType typedefDefault; | T{YorkshireTeaStruct=”pot”i”lady”c},VtypedefDefault |
@property union MoneyUnion unionDefault; | T(MoneyUnion=”alone”f”down”d),VunionDefault |
@property unsigned unsignedDefault; | TI,VunsignedDefault |
@property int (*functionPointerDefault)(char *); | T^?,VfunctionPointerDefault |
@property id idDefault; Note: the compiler warns: “no ‘assign’, ‘retain’, or ‘copy’ attribute is specified - ‘assign’ is assumed” | T@,VidDefault |
@property int *intPointer; | T^i,VintPointer |
@property void *voidPointerDefault; | T^v,VvoidPointerDefault |
@property int intSynthEquals;(In the implementation block: @synthesize intSynthEquals=_intSynthEquals;) | Ti,V_intSynthEquals |
@property(getter=intGetFoo, setter=intSetFoo:) int intSetterGetter; | Ti,GintGetFoo,SintSetFoo:,VintSetterGetter |
@property(readonly) int intReadonly; | Ti,R,VintReadonly |
@property(getter=isIntReadOnlyGetter, readonly) int intReadonlyGetter; | Ti,R,GisIntReadOnlyGetter |
@property(readwrite) int intReadwrite; | Ti,VintReadwrite |
@property(assign) int intAssign; | Ti,VintAssign |
@property(retain) id idRetain; | T@,&,VidRetain |
@property(copy) id idCopy; | T@,C,VidCopy |
@property(nonatomic) int intNonatomic; | Ti,VintNonatomic |
@property(nonatomic, readonly, copy) id idReadonlyCopyNonatomic; | T@,R,C,VidReadonlyCopyNonatomic |
@property(nonatomic, readonly, retain) id idReadonlyRetainNonatomic; | T@,R,&,VidReadonlyRetainNonatomic |