ps:生成XXX.pb.cc,包含各个类,每个类有相应的处理函数
protobuf全称Protocol Buffers,是google推出的一种高效,快捷的数据交换格式,和XML,Thrift一样,都是一种数据交换协议(当然thrift还提供rpc的功能)。protobuf相对与xml结构化的文本数据格式,它是一种二进制的数据格式,具有更高的传输,打包和解包效率,这也是为什么protobuf很受欢迎的原因。
protobuf通过自己的编译器,对协议文件进行编译,生成对应语言的代码,方便的进行数据的打包和解包。目前,google 提供了三种语言的实现:java、c++ 和python,每一种实现都包含了相应语言的编译器以及库文件。
下面介绍protobuf的语法,protobuf的IDL都是保存为*.proto的文件中,proto文件中数据类型可以分为两大类:复合数据类型和标准数据类型。复合数据类型包括:枚举和message类型,标准数据类型包含:整型,浮点,字符串等,后面会详细介绍。
- message
最常用的数据格式就是message,例如一个订单数据可以用message表示如下:
message Order
{
required uint64 uid = 1;
required float cost = 2;
optional string tag = 3;
}
它经过protobuf编译成c++代码,会生成对应的XXX.pb.h和XXX.pb.cc。message会对应生成一个class,里面存放对应的data members,处理这些数据的函数,以及对应的打包和解包函数。
class Order : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
public:
...
// accessors -------------------------------------------------------
...
::google::protobuf::uint64 uid_;
::std::string* tag_;
float cost_;
};
message数据格式中需要知道的:
1.每个字段末尾赋值的tag:该tag是用来标记该字段在序列化后的二进制数据中所在的field,每个字段的tag在message内部都是独一无二的。也不能进行改变,否则数据就不能正确的解包。
2.数据类型前面的修饰词:
required
: 必须赋值,不能为空,否则该条message会被认为是“uninitialized”。build一个“uninitialized” message会抛出一个RuntimeException异常,解析一条“uninitialized” message会抛出一条IOException异常。除此之外,“required”字段跟“optional”字段并无差别。optional
:字段可以赋值,也可以不赋值。假如没有赋值的话,会被赋上默认值。repeated
: 该字段可以重复任意次数,包括0次。重复数据的顺序将会保存在protocol buffer中,将这个字段想象成一个可以自动设置size的数组就可以了。
- 枚举
枚举和c++,java中的枚举类型是一个含义:
enum Corpus {
UNIVERSAL = 0;
WEB = 1;
IMAGES = 2;
LOCAL = 3;
NEWS = 4;
PRODUCTS = 5;
VIDEO = 6;
}
执行 protoc --cpp_out=. enum_test.proto,会生成以下c++代码
enum Corpus {
UNIVERSAL = 0,
WEB = 1,
IMAGES = 2,
LOCAL = 3,
NEWS = 4,
PRODUCTS = 5,
VIDEO = 6
};
- 基本数据类型
protobuf支持的基本数据类型如下图:
- message详解:
message数据格式在c++中被protobuf自动编译包含一下内容:
//xxx.proto
message Order
{
required uint64 uid = 1;
required float cost = 2;
optional string tag = 3;
}
//xxx.pb.h
class Order : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
public:
...
// accessors -------------------------------------------------------
// required uint64 uid = 1;
inline bool has_uid() const;
inline void clear_uid();
static const int kUidFieldNumber = 1;
inline ::google::protobuf::uint64 uid() const;
inline void set_uid(::google::protobuf::uint64 value);
// required float cost = 2;
inline bool has_cost() const;
inline void clear_cost();
static const int kCostFieldNumber = 2;
inline float cost() const;
inline void set_cost(float value);
// optional string tag = 3;
inline bool has_tag() const;
inline void clear_tag();
static const int kTagFieldNumber = 3;
inline const ::std::string& tag() const;
inline void set_tag(const ::std::string& value);
inline void set_tag(const char* value);
inline void set_tag(const char* value, size_t size);
inline ::std::string* mutable_tag();
inline ::std::string* release_tag();
inline void set_allocated_tag(::std::string* tag);
// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:Order)
private:
inline void set_has_uid();
inline void clear_has_uid();
inline void set_has_cost();
inline void clear_has_cost();
inline void set_has_tag();
inline void clear_has_tag();
::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
::google::protobuf::uint64 uid_;
::std::string* tag_;
float cost_;
};
对于每一个message的data member,protobuf会自动生成相关的处理函数,对于每一个字段主要的处理函数有:has_uid(), clear_uid(), uid(), set_uid(),它们分别用于判断该字段是否被设置,清除该字段设置记录,获得该字段,设置该字段。对于示例中的uid字段,对应函数的实现如下:
//xxx.pb.h
// required uint64 uid = 1;
inline bool Order::has_uid() const {
return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
}
inline void Order::set_has_uid() {
_has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
}
inline void Order::clear_has_uid() {
_has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
}
inline void Order::clear_uid() {
uid_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
clear_has_uid();
}
inline ::google::protobuf::uint64 Order::uid() const {
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:Order.uid)
return uid_;
}
inline void Order::set_uid(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
set_has_uid();
uid_ = value;
// @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:Order.uid)
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;">方法:</span>
<pre class="prettyprint" style="line-height: 1.5; white-space: pre-wrap; padding: 6px 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 13px; font-family: 'Droid Sans Mono', monospace; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: auto; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">// name</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">bool</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> has_name</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">()</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> clear_name</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">();</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">std</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">string</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> name</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">()</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> set_name</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">std</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">string</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> value</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">);</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> set_name</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">char</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">*</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> value</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">);</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">std</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">string</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">*</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> mutable_name</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">();</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">// id</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">bool</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> has_id</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">()</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> clear_id</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">();</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">int32_t</span><span class="pln"> id</span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">()</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> set_id</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="typ">int32_t</span><span class="pln"> value</span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">);</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">// email</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">bool</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> has_email</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">()</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> clear_email</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">();</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">std</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">string</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> email</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">()</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> set_email</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">std</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">string</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> value</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">);</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">void</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> set_email</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">const</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">char</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">*</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> value</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">);</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="pln"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">inline</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">std</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">::</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">string</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">*</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> mutable_email</span><span style="line-height: 22.75px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">();</span></span>
由实现代码可知,代码是通过_has_bits_来标记字段是否已经被设置,_has_bits_的定义如下:
::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
通过_has_bits_的位来表达各个字段是否被设置。分别通过0x01, 0x02, 0x04...来分别标记第1,2,3,,,各个field是否已经被设置。
对于protobuf将协议数据序列化为二进制数据的接口有如下:
// Serialization ---------------------------------------------------
// Methods for serializing in protocol buffer format. Most of these
// are just simple wrappers around ByteSize() and SerializeWithCachedSizes().
// Write a protocol buffer of this message to the given output. Returns
// false on a write error. If the message is missing required fields,
// this may GOOGLE_CHECK-fail.
bool SerializeToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
// Like SerializeToCodedStream(), but allows missing required fields.
bool SerializePartialToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
// Write the message to the given zero-copy output stream. All required
// fields must be set.
bool SerializeToZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
bool SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) const;
// Serialize the message and store it in the given string. All required
// fields must be set.
bool SerializeToString(string* output) const;
bool SerializePartialToString(string* output) const;
// Serialize the message and store it in the given byte array. All required
// fields must be set.
bool SerializeToArray(void* data, int size) const;
bool SerializePartialToArray(void* data, int size) const;
string SerializeAsString() const;
string SerializePartialAsString() const;
// Like SerializeToString(), but appends to the data to the string's existing
// contents. All required fields must be set.
bool AppendToString(string* output) const;
bool AppendPartialToString(string* output) const;
// Serialize the message and write it to the given file descriptor. All
// required fields must be set.
bool SerializeToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
bool SerializePartialToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
// Serialize the message and write it to the given C++ ostream. All
// required fields must be set.
bool SerializeToOstream(ostream* output) const;
bool SerializePartialToOstream(ostream* output) const;