Dive into Python3 重点摘录（chapter5-6）

• Compile a regular expression pattern into a regular expression object, which can be used for matching using its match(), search() and other methods, described below.

                prog = re.compile(pattern) 

                result = prog.match(string)

          is equivalent to 

                result = re.match(pattern,string)

          but using re.compile() and saving the resulting regular expression object for reuse is more efficient when the expression will be used several times in a single program.

• re.sub replaces all of the matches, not just the first one
• Yield pauses a function."next() resumes where it left off.
• The for loop will automatically call the next() function to get values from the fib() generator and assign them to the for loop index variable (n).
• Pass a generator to the list() function, and it will iterate through the entire generator (just like the for loop in the previous example) and return a list of all the values.
• It’s time to move up to regular expressions. In Python, all functionality related to regular expressions is contained in the re module.
• To work around the backslash plague, you can use what is called a raw string, by prefixing the string with the letter r. This tells Python that nothing in this string should be escaped; '\t' is a tab character, but r'\t' is really the backslash character \ followed by the letter t. I recommend always using raw strings when dealing with regular expressions; otherwise, things get too confusing too quickly (and regular expressions are confusing enough already).
• \b, which means “a word boundary must occur right here
•  The $ means “end of the string.” (There is a corresponding character, the caret ^, which means “beginning of the string